Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and pure electric vehicles (EVs) rely on energy storage devices (ESDs) and power electronic converters, where efficient energy management is essential. In this context, this work addresses a possible EV configuration based on supercapacitors (SCs) and batteries to provide reliable and fast energy transfer. Power flow among the aforementioned energy sources and the EV occurs through a dc link associated with an interleaved bidirectional dc–dc converter. This topology presents low component count and high efficiency over a wide load range, consisting of an adequate choice for high-power, high-current levels. A detailed design methodology is presented, which comprises the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the converter and the control system implementation using a simple strategy, i.e., average current mode control. A 2 kW laboratory prototype of the converter using microcontroller dsPIC30f4011 by Microchip is implemented and the system performance is evaluated in terms of some key waveforms. High power density, low component count and increased robustness can be stated as the main advantages of the proposed approach, which can be considered as a viable alternative for practical EV applications.

中文翻译：

---

基于多个储能设备的电动汽车应用交错式双向 DC-DC 转换器

混合动力电动汽车 (HEV) 和纯电动汽车 (EV) 依赖于储能设备 (ESD) 和电力电子转换器，其中高效的能源管理至关重要。在这种情况下，这项工作解决了基于超级电容器 (SC) 和电池的可能的 EV 配置，以提供可靠和快速的能量传输。上述能源和电动汽车之间的功率流通过与交错式双向 dc-dc 转换器关联的直流链路发生。This topology presents low component count and high efficiency over a wide load range, consisting of an adequate choice for high-power, high-current levels. 提出了一种详细的设计方法，包括使用简单策略对转换器和控制系统实施进行定性和定量分析，即，平均电流模式控制。实现了使用 Microchip 微控制器 dsPIC30f4011 的 2 kW 转换器实验室原型，并根据一些关键波形评估了系统性能。高功率密度、低组件数量和更高的鲁棒性可以说是所提出方法的主要优点，可以被认为是实际 EV 应用的可行替代方案。