Branch and trunk canker diseases have become prevalent on nut crops in Iran. During 2015 to 2018, extensive field surveys were conducted on 58 almond, 43 pistachio and 80 walnut orchards in Iran to study fungal pathogens associated with symptomatic trees. One hundred and fifty-six representative fungal isolates were selected and identified based on morphological characteristics and by phylogenetic comparison of DNA sequence data. Fungal species found were Collophorina hispanica, Pleurostoma richardsiae, nine species of Phaeoacremonium (namely P. angustius, P. cinereum, P. italicum, P. fraxinopennsylvanicum, P. minimum, P. parasiticum, P. scolyti, P. tuscanum and P. viticola), 11 species of Botryosphaeriaceae (namely Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia gallae, D. mutila, D. seriata, Dothiorella plurivora, Do. sarmentorum, Do. viticola, Lasiodiplodia citricola, L. mahajangana, L. theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum), four species of Diatrypaceae (namely Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis, Diatrype whitmanensis, Eutypella citricola and E. vitis) and two non-identified Eutypella spp. (Eutypella sp. 1 and Eutypella sp. 2). Some of these species represent new reports in Iran and/or are reported for the first time in their respective hosts. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that most of these fungi were pathogenic to inoculated almond, pistachio and walnut shoots. Therefore, more importance should be given to fungal trunk pathogens in Iran, and specific management strategies should be included within the nut crops IPM management programs, with the aim of improving their sustainability.

分支和树干溃疡病已在伊朗的坚果作物中流行。在2015年至2018年期间，对伊朗的58个杏仁，43个开心果和80个核桃园进行了广泛的野外调查，以研究与症状树相关的真菌病原体。根据形态特征并通过DNA序列数据的系统发育比较，选择并鉴定了156种代表性真菌。发现真菌物种是Collophorina hispanica，Pleurostoma richardsiae，九种的Phaeoacremonium（即P. angustius，P. cinereum，P. italicum的，P. fraxinopennsylvanicum，P.最低，P. parasiticum，P. scolyti，P. tuscanum和P.葡萄生单轴霉），11种Botryosphaeriaceae（即杨树dothidea侵染，色二孢瘿瘤，D. mutila，D. seriata，Dothiorella plurivora，做。sarmentorum，做。葡萄生单轴霉，Lasiodiplodia蚜，L。mahajangana，L . theobromae和Neofusicoccum parvum），这是四种Diatrypaceae（即Cryptosphaeria pullmanensis，Diatrype whitmanensis，Eutypella citricola和E. vitis）和两个未鉴定的Eutypella spp。（Eutypella sp.1和Eutypella sp.2）。这些物种中的某些代表了伊朗的新报告和/或首次在各自的宿主中报告。致病性测试表明，这些真菌大多数对接种的杏仁，开心果和核桃芽均具有致病性。因此，应更加重视伊朗的真菌树干病原体，并且应在坚果作物IPM管理计划中纳入特定的管理策略，以提高其可持续性。