A population of Xiphinema americanum-group was recovered in association with stone fruit trees in Isfahan province, center of Iran. A reverse taxonomic approach based upon the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA D2-D3) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI mtDNA) gene sequences in integration with morphological studies, revealed that the recovered population belongs to Xiphinema santos. The Iranian population was mainly characterized by 1240–1868 μm long females with 60–84 μm long odontostyle, a = 37.2–51.9 and c = 42.8–54.6. It is further characterized by a lip region having a depression in junction with the body, presence of visible endosymbiont bacteria in ovaries under light microscope, dorsally convex and ventrally slightly concave conical tail with a blunt tip and three juvenile developmental stages. This population was similar to the type population in its morphology; however overlapped and extended morphometric data ranges, as well as differences in some indexes were observed. Compared to a Spanish population of this species, the Iranian population had a close morphology, similar morphometric data ranges and identical LSU and COI sequences. In LSU phylogeny, the relationship between the present and some previously sequenced isolates of the species and some isolates of three species X. georgianum, X. laevistriatum and X. citricolum was not resolved. In COI phylogeny, the clade of the Iranian and Spanish populations appeared as an independent lineage inside an unsupported clade including several species. The comparison with other populations of the species was reported and discussed. A second species, X. primum, that is native to Iran, was recovered from a new locality and characterized molecularly.

在伊朗中部伊斯法罕省，与美洲果核树相关的一群美洲飞鸟被发现。基于大亚基核糖体DNA（LSU rDNA D2-D3）和线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I（COI mtDNA）基因序列并结合形态学研究的逆向分类学方法表明，回收的种群属于桑菲氏菌。伊朗人口的主要特征是长1240–1868μm的雌性，长齿型为60–84μm，a = 37.2–51.9，c = 42.8–54.6。其特征还在于，唇部区域具有与身体的连接处的凹陷，在光学显微镜下卵巢中存在可见的共生菌细菌，具有钝尖端的背凸和腹稍凹的圆锥形尾部以及三个幼体发育阶段。该种群在形态上类似于类型种群。但是，形态学数据范围重叠和扩展，并且在某些指标上也观察到差异。与该物种的西班牙种群相比，伊朗种群的形态相似，形态数据范围相似，并且LSU和COI相同序列。在LSU系统发育中，该物种的当前分离株和某些先前测序的分离株以及格鲁吉亚X.乔治亚，X。laevistriatum和柠檬酸X. X的三个物种的某些分离株之间的关系尚未解决。在COI系统发育中，伊朗和西班牙种群的进化枝是作为独立谱系出现在无支撑进化枝中的，包括几个物种。报告并讨论了与该物种其他种群的比较。伊朗原产的第二种X.primum是从一个新地方回收的，并具有分子特征。