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The hidden chemolithoautotrophic metabolism of Geobacter sulfurreducens uncovered by adaptation to formate.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0673-8
Tian Zhang 1, 2, 3 , Xiao-Chen Shi 1, 2, 3 , Ran Ding 1, 3 , Kai Xu 4 , Pier-Luc Tremblay 1, 3
Affiliation  

Multiple Fe(III)-reducing Geobacter species including the model Geobacter sulfurreducens are thought to be incapable of carbon dioxide fixation. The discovery of the reversed oxidative tricarboxylic acid cycle (roTCA) for CO2 reduction with citrate synthase as key enzyme raises the possibility that G. sulfurreducens harbors the metabolic potential for chemolithoautotrophic growth. We investigate this hypothesis by transferring G. sulfurreducens PCA serially with Fe(III) as electron acceptor and formate as electron donor and carbon source. The evolved strain T17-3 grew chemolithoautotrophically with a 2.7-fold population increase over 48 h and a Fe(III) reduction rate of 417.5 μM h-1. T17-3 also grew with CO2 as carbon source. Mutations in T17-3 and enzymatic assays point to an adaptation process where the succinyl-CoA synthetase, which is inactive in the wild-type, became active to complete the roTCA cycle. Deletion of the genes coding for the succinyl-CoA synthetase in T17-3 prevented growth with formate as substrate. Enzymatic assays also showed that the citrate synthase can perform the necessary cleavage of citrate for the functional roTCA cycle. These results demonstrate that G. sulfurreducens after adaptation reduced CO2 via the roTCA cycle. This previously hidden metabolism can be harnessed for biotechnological applications and suggests hidden ecological functions for Geobacter.

中文翻译:

通过对甲酸盐的适应揭示了硫还原杆菌隐藏的化学自养代谢。

多种还原 Fe(III) 的 Geobacter 物种,包括模型 Geobacter soulreducens 被认为不能固定二氧化碳。以柠檬酸合酶为关键酶的反向氧化三羧酸循环 (roTCA) 减少 CO2 的发现提高了硫还原菌具有化学自养生长代谢潜力的可能性。我们通过以 Fe(III) 作为电子受体和甲酸盐作为电子供体和碳源的顺序转移 G.硫还原 PCA 来研究这一假设。进化菌株 T17-3 以化学自养方式生长,在 48 小时内种群增加了 2.7 倍,Fe(III) 还原率为 417.5 μM h-1。T17-3 也以 CO2 作为碳源生长。T17-3 和酶分析中的突变指向一个适应过程,其中琥珀酰辅酶 A 合成酶,在野生型中不活跃,变得活跃以完成 roTCA 循环。T17-3 中编码琥珀酰辅酶A 合成酶的基因的缺失阻止了以甲酸盐为底物的生长。酶促测定还表明,柠檬酸合酶可以对功能性 roTCA 循环进行必要的柠檬酸切割。这些结果表明,适应后的 G.thioreducens 通过 roTCA 循环减少了 CO2。这种先前隐藏的新陈代谢可用于生物技术应用,并为 Geobacter 提供隐藏的生态功能。酶促测定还表明,柠檬酸合酶可以对功能性 roTCA 循环进行必要的柠檬酸切割。这些结果表明,适应后的 G.thioreducens 通过 roTCA 循环减少了 CO2。这种先前隐藏的新陈代谢可用于生物技术应用,并为 Geobacter 提供隐藏的生态功能。酶促测定还表明,柠檬酸合酶可以对功能性 roTCA 循环进行必要的柠檬酸切割。这些结果表明,适应后的 G.thioreducens 通过 roTCA 循环减少了 CO2。这种先前隐藏的新陈代谢可用于生物技术应用,并为 Geobacter 提供隐藏的生态功能。
更新日期:2020-05-12
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