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Phosphoproteomics of CD2 signaling reveals AMPK-dependent regulation of lytic granule polarization in cytotoxic T cells.
Science Signaling ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 , DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz1965
Vanessa Zurli 1 , Tommaso Montecchi 1 , Raphael Heilig 2 , Isabel Poschke 3 , Michael Volkmar 3 , Giuliana Wimmer 1 , Gioia Boncompagni 1 , Gabriele Turacchio 4 , Mario Milco D'Elios 5 , Giuseppe Campoccia 6 , Nicoletta Resta 7 , Rienk Offringa 3, 8 , Roman Fischer 2 , Oreste Acuto 9 , Cosima Tatiana Baldari 1 , Anna Kabanova 1
Affiliation  

Understanding the costimulatory signaling that enhances the activity of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) could identify potential targets for immunotherapy. Here, we report that CD2 costimulation plays a critical role in target cell killing by freshly isolated human CD8+ T cells, which represent a challenging but valuable model to gain insight into CTL biology. We found that CD2 stimulation critically enhanced signaling by the T cell receptor in the formation of functional immune synapses by promoting the polarization of lytic granules toward the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). To gain insight into the underlying mechanism, we explored the CD2 signaling network by phosphoproteomics, which revealed 616 CD2-regulated phosphorylation events in 373 proteins implicated in the regulation of vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, autophagy, and metabolism. Signaling by the master metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was a critical node in the CD2 network, which promoted granule polarization toward the MTOC in CD8+ T cells. Granule trafficking was driven by active AMPK enriched on adjacent lysosomes, revealing previously uncharacterized signaling cross-talk between vesicular compartments in CD8+ T cells. Our results thus establish CD2 signaling as key for mediating cytotoxic killing and granule polarization in freshly isolated CD8+ T cells and strengthen the rationale to choose CD2 and AMPK as therapeutic targets to enhance CTL activity.

中文翻译:

CD2 信号的磷酸化蛋白质组学揭示了细胞毒性 T 细胞中裂解颗粒极化的 AMPK 依赖性调节。

了解增强细胞毒性 T 细胞 (CTL) 活性的共刺激信号可以确定免疫治疗的潜在目标。在这里,我们报告 CD2 共刺激在新鲜分离的人类 CD8+ T 细胞杀死靶细胞中起着关键作用,这代表了一个具有挑战性但有价值的模型,可以深入了解 CTL 生物学。我们发现 CD2 刺激通过促进裂解颗粒向微管组织中心 (MTOC) 的极化,在功能性免疫突触的形成过程中严重增强了 T 细胞受体的信号传导。为了深入了解潜在机制,我们通过磷酸蛋白质组学探索了 CD2 信号网络,揭示了 373 种蛋白质中的 616 种 CD2 调节的磷酸化事件,这些蛋白质与囊泡运输、细胞骨架组织、自噬、和新陈代谢。主代谢调节剂 AMP 活化蛋白激酶 (AMPK) 的信号传导是 CD2 网络中的一个关键节点,它促进了 CD8+ T 细胞中颗粒向 MTOC 的极化。颗粒运输是由在相邻溶酶体上富集的活性 AMPK 驱动的,揭示了以前未表征的 CD8+ T 细胞中囊泡区室之间的信号串扰。因此,我们的结果将 CD2 信号确定为介导新鲜分离的 CD8+T 细胞中细胞毒性杀伤和颗粒极化的关键,并加强了选择 CD2 和 AMPK 作为治疗靶点以增强 CTL 活性的基本原理。颗粒运输是由在相邻溶酶体上富集的活性 AMPK 驱动的,揭示了以前未表征的 CD8+ T 细胞中囊泡区室之间的信号串扰。因此,我们的结果将 CD2 信号确定为介导新鲜分离的 CD8+T 细胞中细胞毒性杀伤和颗粒极化的关键,并加强了选择 CD2 和 AMPK 作为治疗靶点以增强 CTL 活性的基本原理。颗粒运输是由在相邻溶酶体上富集的活性 AMPK 驱动的,揭示了以前未表征的 CD8+ T 细胞中囊泡区室之间的信号串扰。因此,我们的结果将 CD2 信号确定为介导新鲜分离的 CD8+T 细胞中细胞毒性杀伤和颗粒极化的关键,并加强了选择 CD2 和 AMPK 作为治疗靶点以增强 CTL 活性的基本原理。
更新日期:2020-05-12
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