(1) Background: Research highlights the positive effects of early intensive intervention with parent and school involvement for preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) on general developmental outcomes and social skills in randomized controlled trials. However, given the inter-individual variability in the response to treatment, it is necessary to investigate intervention effects in terms of mediators and moderators in order to explain variability and to highlight mechanisms of change. (2) Methods: 25 children in the experimental group were exposed to early intensive intervention and 14 children in the control group were subjected to "as usual" intervention. The initial assessment was obtained at the time of diagnosis (T1) and the follow-up assessment was conducted after 15 months of intervention (T2) in both groups. (3) Results: Participants in the experimental group achieved more prominent gains in both cognitive and socio-interactive skills. The role of specific factors able to predict general quotient and language quotient after intervention were investigated, pointing out the contribution of personal-social and performance abilities. (4) Conclusions: The findings support the importance of parental involvement in targeting ASD core symptoms. Further, results informed our understanding of early predictors in order to identify specific elements to be targeted in the individualized intervention design.

中文翻译：

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自闭症谱系障碍的学龄前儿童在父母亲强化干预期间的发展轨迹变化。

（1）背景：研究强调，在随机对照试验中，父母和学校的早期强化干预对自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的学龄前儿童对总体发展结果和社交技能的积极影响。然而，考虑到治疗反应的个体差异，有必要从调解人和调解人的角度研究干预效果，以解释变异性并突出变化机制。（2）方法：实验组的25名儿童接受了早期的强化干预，对照组的14名儿童进行了“照常”干预。两组均在诊断时（T1）获得初始评估，干预15个月（T2）后进行随访评估。（3）结果：实验组的参与者在认知和社交互动技能上均取得了更为显着的进步。研究了干预后能够预测一般商和语言商的特定因素的作用，指出了个人社交能力和表现能力的贡献。（4）结论：研究结果支持父母参与针对ASD核心症状的重要性。此外，结果有助于我们了解早期预测因素，从而确定个性化干预设计中要针对的特定要素。指出个人社交和绩效能力的贡献。（4）结论：研究结果支持父母参与针对ASD核心症状的重要性。此外，结果有助于我们了解早期预测因素，从而确定个性化干预设计中要针对的特定要素。指出个人社交和绩效能力的贡献。（4）结论：研究结果支持父母参与针对ASD核心症状的重要性。此外，结果告知了我们对早期预测因素的理解，以便确定个性化干预设计中要针对的特定要素。