Since early models of wave propagation in both stationary and moving media during the nineteenth century, the Lorentz transformation (LT) has played a key role in describing characteristic wave phenomena, e.g., the Doppler shift effect. In these models LT connects two different events generated by wave propagations, as observed in two reference systems and the synchronism is absolute. In relativistic physics LT implements the relativity principle. As a consequence, it connects two space-time event coordinates that both correspond to the same physical event and “absolute synchronization” is not allowed. The relativistic interpretation started from Einstein’s early criticism of the notion of “simultaneity” and Minkowski’s invariance of the space-time interval. In this paper, the two different roles of LT, i.e., in classical wave propagation theories and in relativistic physics, are discussed. Einstein’s early criticism is also re-examined with respect to LT in view of its significance for the notion of simultaneity. Indeed, that early criticism is found to be defective. Our analysis is also useful for general readers in view of its impact on modern speculations about the existence of a preferred system of reference Σ, where light propagation is isotropic, and related implications.

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关于经典物理和狭义相对论中的洛伦兹变换和同时性的注记

自从19世纪早期在固定介质和移动介质中传播波的早期模型以来，洛伦兹变换（LT）在描述特征波现象（例如多普勒频移效应）方面起着关键作用。在这些模型中，LT连接了由波传播产生的两个不同事件，如在两个参考系统中所观察到的，同步是绝对的。在相对论物理学中，LT实施了相对论原理。因此，它连接两个都对应于同一物理事件的时空事件坐标，并且不允许“绝对同步”。相对论的解释始于爱因斯坦对“同时性”概念的早期批评。以及Minkowski的时空间隔不变性。本文讨论了LT在古典波传播理论和相对论物理学中的两种不同作用。爱因斯坦的早期批评也重新审查关于LT鉴于其概念意义的同时性。实际上，发现早期批评是有缺陷的。考虑到它对现代关于最佳参考系Σ的存在的推测的影响以及光的传播是各向同性的，我们的分析对普通读者也很有用。