Cerebral ischemia induces structural and functional damage in the brain, which leads to cell death and cognitive dysfunction. According to the evidences, physical exercise training exerts a neuroprotective effect and may decrease ischemia-induced injuries in this case. We evaluated the protective effects of physical training on blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption, neuronal death, and cognitive dysfunction induced by cerebral ischemia in male rats. Thirty-six adult male rats were selected randomly and allocated into three groups, ischemia (I), ischemia+exercise (I+E), and sham (Sh). Brain ischemia was induced via occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 20 min. Before occlusion, animals of the I+E group ran on a treadmill 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Spatial memory performances of rats were evaluated by the Morris water maze test. Apoptotic cell death in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus was detected by a TUNEL assay, while the level of disruption of the BBB was measured by an Evans blue assay. Cerebral ischemia caused spatial memory impairment; exercise training improved the index of memory impairment following ischemia significantly (P < 0.05). Also, exercise training significantly reduced the BBB permeability in I+E rats compared with the I group (P < 0.05). In addition, the number of TUNELpositive cells was significantly greater in I rats, while exercise training significantly reduced apoptotic cell death (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that physical training exerts noticeable neuroprotective effects against brain ischemic injury, in particular by preserving the BBB integrity.

中文翻译：

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体育锻炼可减轻大鼠血脑屏障破坏并改善与短暂性脑缺血相关的认知功能障碍

脑缺血会引起大脑的结构和功能损伤，从而导致细胞死亡和认知功能障碍。根据证据，体育锻炼具有神经保护作用，在这种情况下可能会减少缺血性损伤。我们评估了体育训练对雄性大鼠脑缺血引起的血脑屏障 (BBB) 破坏、神经元死亡和认知功能障碍的保护作用。随机选取36只成年雄性大鼠，分为缺血组(I)、缺血+运动组(I+E)和假手术组(Sh)三组。通过颈总动脉闭塞 20 分钟诱导脑缺血。在闭塞前，I+E 组的动物每周 5 天在跑步机上跑步 4 周。通过Morris水迷宫测试评估大鼠的空间记忆性能。海马齿状回 (DG) 中的凋亡细胞死亡通过 TUNEL 试验检测，而 BBB 的破坏水平通过埃文斯蓝试验测量。脑缺血引起空间记忆障碍；运动训练显着改善缺血后记忆障碍指数（P < 0.05）。此外，与 I 组相比，运动训练显着降低了 I+E 大鼠的 BBB 通透性（P < 0.05）。此外，I 大鼠的 TUNEL 阳性细胞数量显着增加，而运动训练显着减少了凋亡细胞死亡（P < 0.05）。我们的结果表明，体育锻炼对脑缺血损伤具有显着的神经保护作用，特别是通过保持 BBB 的完整性。