The ice sheet is characterized by the development of fracture structures on a local and regional scale with the participation of fracture processes that occur at different scales, differing from each other by several orders of magnitude. The analysis shows that it is possible to distinguish a class of materials, which, in particular, include sea ice and other granular and structured materials (gypsum, concrete, paraffin, etc.), the effective fracture toughness of which during brittle fracture is affected by a large-scale factor, the role of which a gradient of external stresses appears. A model of this phenomenon is proposed for situations associated with variations in the local stress gradient with a change in the scale of the fracture region. Using the example of sea ice cover, we estimated the impact of the effect on the destruction scenarios of structured media.

中文翻译：

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关于结构化固体抗裂性的尺度依赖性（以船用冰盖为例）

冰盖的特征是在局部和区域尺度上断裂结构的发展，并以不同尺度发生的断裂过程的参与，彼此之间相差几个数量级。分析表明，可以区分一类材料，特别是海冰以及其他颗粒状和结构化材料（石膏，混凝土，石蜡等），在脆性断裂过程中有效断裂韧性会受到影响。受大规模因素的影响，外部应力的梯度会出现。针对与局部应力梯度随裂缝区域规模变化而变化的情况提出了这种现象的模型。以海冰覆盖为例