Abstract

A chain of events accompanying the occurrence of a substorm in the Earth’s ionosphere and magnetosphere is considered. Features of geomagnetic pulsations and mechanisms of their generation are indicated. Measurements of magnetic field fluctuations from fluxgate magnetometers, as well as the data on temperature, velocity, and concentration of electrons, and different types of ions from the PEACE and CIS-CODIF experiments of the Cluster-2 space mission, have been analyzed. It was found that a significant increase in temperature, velocity fluctuations, and concentration is observed during the initiation of a substorm that was accompanied by dipolarization (sharp change in the magnetic field configuration from the elongated tail-like force lines to a more dipole structure). A time delay in the heating of protons and oxygen ions, as well as in the concentration variations, was detected. The comparison of wave characteristics for different pressures was carried out using wavelet analysis. The magnetic field pressure, as well as dynamic and thermal pressure for different types of particles, was considered. Pc5 and strong Pc4 pulsations, as well as direct and inverse cascades, were observed in the fluctuations of the magnetic field pressure and thermal pressure of electrons and protons. The results point to a significant role of kinetic effects in the complex chain of processes in the Earth’s magnetosphere during the explosive phase of a substorm.

中文翻译：

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亚暴开始期间地球磁尾等离子体参数的变化

摘要

考虑了伴随地球电离层和磁层中亚暴发生的一系列事件。指出了地磁脉动的特征及其产生机理。分析了来自磁通门磁力计的磁场波动测量，以及来自Cluster-2空间任务的PEACE和CIS-CODIF实验的温度，速度和电子浓度以及不同类型离子的数据。发现在伴随偶极极化的亚暴爆发期间，观察到温度，速度波动和浓度显着增加（磁场结构从细长的尾状力线到更偶极的结构急剧变化） 。质子和氧离子加热的时间延迟，以及浓度变化都被检测到。使用小波分析比较了不同压力下的波动特性。考虑了不同类型颗粒的磁场压力以及动态和热压力。在磁场压力以及电子和质子的热压力的波动中，观察到了Pc5和强Pc4脉动以及正向和反向级联。结果表明，在亚暴的爆炸阶段，动力学效应在地球磁层复杂过程链中起着重要作用。考虑了不同类型颗粒的动态压力和热压力。在磁场压力以及电子和质子的热压力的波动中，观察到了Pc5和强Pc4脉动以及正向和反向级联。结果表明，在亚暴的爆炸阶段，动力学效应在地球磁层复杂过程链中起着重要作用。考虑了不同类型颗粒的动态压力和热压力。在磁场压力以及电子和质子的热压力的波动中，观察到了Pc5和强Pc4脉动以及正向和反向级联。结果表明，在亚暴的爆炸阶段，动力学效应在地球磁层复杂过程链中起着重要作用。