Abstract

The magnetic effect of meteors was first observed and theoretically explained back in the middle of the 20th century. The mechanisms for the magnetic effect of large celestial bodies (1–10 m and more) fundamentally differ from the mechanisms of geomagnetic field disturbances caused by meteors at ionospheric heights. The passage of a large meteoroid through the atmosphere and its explosion are accompanied by the generation of a powerful shock wave and the formation of a plume, which result in a geomagnetic effect. To the present day, researchers are divided on the main mechanism for the geomagnetic effect of large meteoroids. The Tunguska and Chelyabinsk meteoroid measurements are available for studies. In the case of the Chelyabinsk meteoroid, the variations in the geomagnetic field are detected and explained both prior to and after the explosion of this celestial body. Analyzing observations of the passage of any large enough celestial body is of considerable theoretical and practical interest. The purposes of this study are to present the analysis of magnetic field variations that arose as a result of the Lipetsk meteoroid passage through the Earth’s magnetosphere and atmosphere and to estimate and discuss the magnetic effect and its mechanisms. The fall rate of such meteoroids is 0.68 yr^–1. Using the data provided by the Magnetic Observatory of Karazin Kharkiv National University (Kharkiv, Ukraine), the temporal variations in the horizontal components of the geomagnetic field on June 21, 2018, (the day of the Lipetsk meteoroid passage) and on June 20 and 22, 2018, (the reference days) have been analyzed. The meteoroid’s initial speed was 14.4 km/s, the initial mass was 113 t, and the initial size equaled approximately 4 m. The distance from the observatories to the site where the meteoroid explosion-like release of energy occurred was 360 km. The passage of the Lipetsk meteoroid in the magnetosphere and atmosphere has been shown to be accompanied by alternating variations in the geomagnetic field components. The magnetic effect of the magnetosphere was observed 54–56 min before the meteoroid explosion; the amplitude of the disturbance in the geomagnetic field did not exceed 0.5–1 nT, and the duration was 15–20 min. Alternating spikes (first positive, then negative) in the H and D component level were observed after the meteoroid explosion with a ∼6-min delay. The spike amplitude was ∼1.2–1.5 nT, while the duration of the magnetic effect from the ionosphere reached tens of minutes. The models for the magnetic effects observed are suggested and theoretical estimates are performed. The observations and the estimates are in good agreement.

中文翻译：

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利佩茨克陨石的通道和爆炸引起的地磁变化：测量结果

摘要

流星的磁效应最早是在20世纪中叶观察到的，并在理论上得到了解释。大型天体（1–10 m及以上）的磁效应机理与电离层高度的流星引起的地磁场干扰机理根本不同。大型流星体通过大气层并爆炸时，会产生强大的冲击波并形成羽状流，从而产生地磁效应。迄今为止，研究人员对大型流星体的地磁效应的主要机理存在分歧。通古斯和车里雅宾斯克流星体的测量值可供研究。对于车里雅宾斯克流星体，在这个天体爆炸之前和之后都可以检测并解释地磁场的变化。分析任何足够大的天体通过的观测结果，在理论上和实践上都具有重大意义。这项研究的目的是介绍由于利佩茨克流星体通过地球磁层和大气而产生的磁场变化的分析，并估计和讨论磁效应及其机理。这种流星体的下降率是0.68年 这项研究的目的是介绍由于利佩茨克流星体通过地球磁层和大气而产生的磁场变化的分析，并估计和讨论磁效应及其机理。这种流星体的下降率是0.68年 这项研究的目的是介绍由于利佩茨克流星体通过地球磁层和大气而产生的磁场变化的分析，并估计和讨论磁效应及其机理。这种流星体的下降率是0.68年^–1。利用卡拉赞哈尔科夫国立大学（乌克兰哈尔科夫）的磁性天文台提供的数据，2018年6月21日（利佩茨克流星体通过的那天）和6月20日的地磁场水平分量的时间变化是已分析2018年22月（基准日）。流星体的初始速度为14.4 km / s，初始质量为113 t，初始大小约为4 m。从天文台到流星体爆炸般释放能量的地点的距离为360 km。利佩茨克流星体在磁层和大气中的通过已被证明伴随着地磁场分量的交替变化。在流星体爆炸前54-56分钟观察到了磁层的磁效应。地磁场中干扰的幅度不超过0.5-1 nT，持续时间为15-20分钟。交替出现尖峰（先为正，然后为负）流星体爆炸后观察到H和D成分水平，延迟约6分钟。尖峰幅度约为1.2-1.5 nT，而电离层的磁效应持续时间达到数十分钟。建议了观察到的磁效应的模型，并进行了理论估算。观察结果和估计值吻合良好。