Abstract

In the case of astronomical observations from the surface of the Earth, it is difficult to obtain high resolution images due to the distorting influence of the atmosphere. There are two groups of methods for mitigating this influence. The first group does not interfere with the process of image formation and is related to the processing of already recorded images. The methods from the second group involve constructing special observational instruments. Placing the instrument outside the atmosphere may also be considered a method from this group. In this case, there is no atmospheric influence, and acquisition of images with diffraction-limited resolution is assumed to be possible without additional effort. The factors that may lead to phase distortions during observations with an orbital multimirror telescope are discussed. The total phase accumulation method is proposed for removing the distortions. The method is designed for compensating for the distortion of Fourier component phases caused by the Earth’s atmosphere. Assumptions as to the statistics of phase distortions used in its development are quite general and do not interfere with its application to space observations. Computer modeling is used to demonstrate the technique effectiveness and study its capabilities in processing images from a multimirror space telescope. The use of modeling as an instrument for research is motivated by the high cost and complexity of the real experiment and the necessity of having a true image of an object for evaluating the method error. The aperture configuration of the upcoming James Webb Telescope is used for modeling. The modeling was used to explain the different behavior of phase distortions between space observations and observations from the Earth’s surface. It is demonstrated that, in case of space observations, the total phase accumulation is required instead of the main phase values' accumulation. It is found that the dependence of the reconstruction error on the number of accumulated images is nonmonotonic.

中文翻译：

---

用轨道望远镜观察物体期间傅立叶分量相的积累

摘要

在从地球表面进行天文观测的情况下，由于大气的扭曲影响，很难获得高分辨率的图像。有两种缓解这种影响的方法。第一组不干扰图像形成过程，并且与已经记录的图像处理有关。第二组的方法涉及构造特殊的观测仪器。将仪器放置在大气之外也可以视为该组中的一种方法。在这种情况下，不存在大气影响，并且假设无需额外的努力就可以获取具有衍射极限分辨率的图像。讨论了在使用轨道多镜望远镜观察期间可能导致相位畸变的因素。提出了一种全相位累积方法来消除失真。该方法旨在补偿由于地球大气引起的傅立叶分量相的畸变。关于在其发展中使用的相位畸变的统计数据的假设是相当笼统的，不会干扰其在空间观测中的应用。计算机建模用于证明该技术的有效性，并研究其在处理多镜太空望远镜的图像中的能力。建模作为研究工具的使用是出于实际实验的高成本和复杂性以及需要具有对象的真实图像以评估方法误差的动机。即将使用的James Webb望远镜的光圈配置用于建模。该模型被用来解释空间观测与地球表面观测之间相位畸变的不同行为。结果表明，在空间观测的情况下，需要总相位累加而不是主要相位值的累加。发现重建误差对累积图像数量的依赖性是非单调的。