Abstract

Comprehensive modeling studies of the processes induced in all geospheres by the passage and explosion of the meteoroid near the city of Lipetsk (Russia) on June 21, 2018, have been conducted. Magnetic, electric, electromagnetic, ionospheric, and seismic effects, as well as the effects of acoustic-gravity waves have been estimated. The magnetic effect of turbulence has been shown to be insignificant. The magnetic effect of the ionospheric currents and the current in the wake of the meteoroid could be substantial (~1 nT). Under the action of an external electric field, a transient current pulse with the strength of current up to 10⁴ A could occur. The electrostatic effect could be accompanied by the accumulation of an electric charge of 1 mC producing the electric field intensity of 0.01–1 MV/m. The flow of the electric current in the wake of the meteoroid could result in the generation of an electromagnetic pulse in the 40–80 kHz band with the electric field intensity of 1–10 V/m. The electromagnetic effect of infrasound has been determined to be significant (1–10 V/m and 1–10 nT). The absorption of the shock wave at ionospheric dynamo region altitudes (100–150 km) could generate secondary atmospheric gravity waves with the 0.1–1 relative amplitude. The passage of the meteoroid acted to produce a plasma wake and noticeable disturbance not only in the lower but also in the upper atmosphere in the range of no less than 1000 km. The possibility of occurrence of the electrophonic effect, the generation of the ion and magnetic sound by infrasound, and the generation of gradient-drift and drift-dissipative instabilities are discussed. A conclusion is drawn that magnetic, electric, and electromagnetic effects dealt with in this paper significantly fill in the gaps in the theory of physical effects produced by meteoroids in the Earth–atmosphere–ionosphere–magnetosphere system. The magnitudes of magnetic, electric, electromagnetic, ionospheric, and acoustic effects were significant. The magnitude of the earthquake caused by the meteoroid explosion did not exceeded 1.7. The mean rate of the fall of celestial bodies similar to the Lipetsk meteoroid is equal to 0.68 yr^–1.

中文翻译：

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Lipetsk流星体的物理效应：3

摘要

2018年6月21日，俄罗斯利佩茨克市附近的流星体通过和爆炸，对所有地圈引起的过程进行了综合建模研究。已经估计了磁，电，电磁，电离层和地震的影响，以及声重力波的影响。湍流的磁效应已被证明是微不足道的。电离层电流和流星体尾流中的电流的磁效应可能很大（〜1 nT）。在外部电场的作用下，电流强度高达10 ⁴的瞬态电流脉冲可能会发生。静电效应可能伴随着1 mC电荷的积累，从而产生0.01-1 MV / m的电场强度。流星尾流过的电流可能会导致在40–80 kHz频带中产生电磁脉冲，电场强度为1–10 V / m。次声的电磁效应已确定为显着（1-10 V / m和1-10 nT）。电离发电机区域高度（100-150 km）处的冲击波吸收会产生相对振幅为0.1-1的次级大气重力波。流星体的通过不仅在至少1000 km的范围内的下部大气中而且还在上部大气中产生等离子体唤醒和明显的扰动。讨论了发生电子效应，通过次声产生离子和电磁声以及产生梯度漂移和漂移耗散不稳定性的可能性。得出的结论是，本文处理的磁，电和电磁效应极大地弥补了流星体在地球-大气-电离层-磁层系统中产生的物理效应的理论空白。磁，电，电磁，电离层和声学效应的大小非常重要。由流星体爆炸引起的地震强度未超过1.7。与Lipetsk流星体类似的天体坠落平均速率等于0.68年 讨论了梯度漂移和漂移耗散不稳定性的产生。得出的结论是，本文处理的磁，电和电磁效应极大地弥补了流星体在地球-大气-电离层-磁层系统中产生的物理效应的理论空白。磁，电，电磁，电离层和声学效应的大小非常重要。由流星体爆炸引起的地震强度未超过1.7。与Lipetsk流星体类似的天体坠落平均速率等于0.68年 讨论了梯度漂移和漂移耗散不稳定性的产生。得出的结论是，本文处理的磁，电和电磁效应极大地弥补了流星体在地球-大气-电离层-磁层系统中产生的物理效应的理论空白。磁，电，电磁，电离层和声学效应的大小非常重要。由流星体爆炸引起的地震强度未超过1.7。与Lipetsk流星体类似的天体坠落平均速率等于0.68年 本文所讨论的电磁效应极大地填补了流星体在地球-大气-电离层-磁层系统中产生的物理效应理论中的空白。磁，电，电磁，电离层和声学效应的大小非常重要。由流星体爆炸引起的地震强度未超过1.7。与Lipetsk流星体类似的天体坠落平均速率等于0.68年 本文处理的电磁效应大大弥补了流星体在地球-大气-电离层-磁层系统中产生的物理效应理论中的空白。磁，电，电磁，电离层和声学效应的大小非常重要。由流星体爆炸引起的地震强度未超过1.7。与Lipetsk流星体类似的天体坠落平均速率等于0.68年^–1。