In addressing the problem of the (in)compatibility of divine foreknowledge and human freedom, philosophers of religion encounter problems regarding the metaphysics and structure of time. Some models of temporal logic developed for completely independent reasons have proved especially appropriate for representing the temporal structure of the world as Molinism conceives it. In particular, some models of the Thin Red Line ( $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ ) seem to imply that conditionals of freedom are true or false, as Molinists maintain. Noting the resemblance between Molinism and $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ models, Restall (Molinism and the thin red line. In: Perszyk K (ed) Molinism: the contemporary debate, pp 227–239, 2011) has advanced some criticisms of Molinism that have also been leveled against $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ models. In particular, Restall believes that the implication $$p \rightarrow \mathbf {HF}p$$ is not true in $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ models. Because Molinists must also accept that this implication is not true, this is a problem for them. We will show that Restall’s criticism is wide of the mark. Firstly, it will be demonstrated that in many open future models (not just $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ ) the implication $$p \rightarrow \mathbf {HF}p$$ is invalid. Secondly, while it is possible to account for this implication, some modifications are required in respect of the branching time semantics. In proposing one such modification, we show that this new semantics can be adopted by advocates of the $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ and, as a consequence, by Molinists as well. We conclude that the principle stated by Restall is either a problem for many open future models (not just for Molinists) or can be accounted for by these models and so is not a problem for Molinists either.

中文翻译：

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细细的红线、莫林主义和时间的流动

在解决神圣预知与人类自由的（不）兼容性问题时，宗教哲学家遇到了关于时间的形而上学和结构的问题。出于完全独立的原因开发的一些时间逻辑模型已证明特别适合表示莫林主义所设想的世界的时间结构。特别是，正如莫林主义者所坚持的那样，细红线 ( $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ ) 的一些模型似乎暗示了自由的条件是真还是假。注意到 Molinism 和 $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ 模型之间的相似性，Restall（Molinism 和细红线。在：Perszyk K (ed) Molinism：当代辩论，pp 227–239, 2011）提出了一些批评Molinism 也已针对 $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ 模型进行了调整。特别是，Restall 认为 $$p \rightarrow \mathbf {HF}p$$ 在 $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ 模型中不成立。因为莫林主义者也必须接受这种暗示是不正确的，这对他们来说是一个问题。我们将证明 Restall 的批评是不恰当的。首先，将证明在许多开放的未来模型（不仅仅是 $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ ）中，蕴涵 $$p \rightarrow \mathbf {HF}p$$ 是无效的。其次，虽然可以解释这种含义，但需要对分支时间语义进行一些修改。在提出一个这样的修改时，我们表明这种新的语义可以被 $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ 的拥护者采用，因此也可以被莫林主义者采用。