Abstract

A comparative study of the allele pool and the genetic structure of two Russian and one Belarusian populations of the wisent Bison bonasus against the representatives of the species of Bison bison and the genus Bos taurus was carried out. Russian populations were represented by samples of the Oka State Natural Biosphere Reserve (n = 42) and the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Biosphere Reserve (n = 69), the Belarusian population was represented by samples of the Reserve “Belovezhskaya Pushcha” (n = 42), bison samples (n = 8) and cattle (n = 55) were used as an outgroup. The analysis of the mtDNA D-loop 630 bp fragment polymorphism for the presence of bison and cattle haplotypes, was performed. It was shown that there was a single haplotype for all wisent (Bison bonasus) which was different from the sequences of bison (Bison bison) and cattle. The analysis of population genetic parameters, calculated using 11 microsatellite markers, showed reduced diversity in wisent (Bison bonasus) groups compared to bison (Bison bison) and cattle. The largest number of monomorphic loci as well as the absence of private alleles were found in the group of Belarusian wisent. The analysis of the DJost pairwise genetic distances allowed us to establish clear genetic differentiation of the wisent from the outgroups. This fact was also confirmed by PCA analysis, carried out in the context of population identity and the analysis of population structure which demonstrated some proximity of bison (Bison bison) to wisent (Bison bonasus), which is due to their belonging to the same genus. The data obtained from this study showed differentiation between wisent (Bison bonasus) from bison (Bison bison) and cattle. It can be used in assessing the population genetic parameters of wisent, identifying and eliminating hybrid individuals. It also can be used in developing strategies and measures for the preservation and improvement of the wisent genetic resources.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯和白俄罗斯维森特（Bison bonasus），北美野牛（Bison bison）和牛（Bos taurus）的遗传特征比较。

摘要

对野牛野牛的两个俄罗斯和一个白俄罗斯种群的等位基因库和遗传结构与野牛野牛和金牛座属的代表进行了比较研究。俄罗斯的人口是由奥卡国家自然生物圈保护区（样本代表ñ = 42）和Prioksko-Terrasny自然生物圈保护区（ñ = 69），白俄罗斯的居民都被储备“别洛韦”（样本代表ñ = 42 ），野牛样本（n = 8）和牛（n= 55）用作小组。进行了针对牛野牛和牛单倍型的mtDNA D环630 bp片段多态性分析。结果表明，所有有生命的动物（Bison bonasus）有一个单倍型，不同于野牛（Bison bison）和牛的序列。使用11个微卫星标记计算的种群遗传参数分析表明，与野牛（Bison bison）相比，智囊团（Bison bonasus）组的多样性降低了）和牛。在白俄罗斯智囊团中发现了最大数量的单态位点以及不存在私人等位基因。DJost对成对遗传距离的分析使我们能够从群体中建立明显的遗传区分。PCA分析也证实了这一事实，该分析是在种群同一性和种群结构分析的背景下进行的，该分析表明野牛（Bison bison）与有经验的野牛（Bison bonasus）有一定距离，这是由于它们属于同一属。从这项研究获得的数据表明，野牛（Bison bonasus）与野牛（Bison bison）和牛。它可以用于评估智囊的群体遗传参数，识别和消除杂种个体。它也可以用于制定战略和措施，以保护和改善明智的遗传资源。