Abstract

In the Baikal region, warming under conditions of climate continentality is accompanied by an increase in the area of forest fires and the risk that postpyrogenic ecosystems will not return as forests. A study of pine forests on sand sediments in the southeastern Baikal region showed that the regional ecosystems damaged by fire develop in different directions depending on the type of fire and local conditions. After a ground fire, an adult forest stand is preserved and stable signs of pyrogenesis in the soil are developed in the form of charred epipedons. Under these conditions, sparse-grass and dead-cover open stands are formed with almost no signs of renewed young growth and shrubs. The coal effect causes a decrease in soil acidity, an increase in the content of exchangeable calcium, the formation of humus of humate composition, and base unsaturation. It is proposed to identify the soils with coal epipedons at the level of subtype as psammosoils humic postpyrogenic. After a top fire, the plant cover and the soil cover are completely destroyed; the ecosystem begins its development from scratch. Forest renewal in lowlands and on the slopes of shadow and leeward expositions occurs actively in a natural way, as well as against the background of reforestation. During the postfire period, psammosoil humic soil of a weakly developed order is formed under the young forest. On the slopes of solar upwind expositions, unforested deflation zones with no signs of soil formation are formed despite the actions taken to restore the forest stand. Remote sensing methods made it possible to ascertain that, over 15 years of postfire development, despite the reforestation, the area of unforested deflation zones has increased 11-fold when compared to the prefire period. It is recommended to introduce forest-stand restoration in the form of loosening the charred soil on the territories damaged by ground fires, as well as the repeated execution of forest planting works in the deflated areas considering the protection of the forest edges from wind into a set of measures to restore forest ecosystems after wildfires.

中文翻译：

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贝加尔湖东南部沙质阶地森林生态系统的火灾后演变

摘要

在贝加尔湖地区，在气候大陆性条件下的变暖伴随着森林大火面积的增加，以及致热原生态系统将无法恢复为森林的风险。对贝加尔湖东南部地区的沙沉积物上的松树林进行的研究表明，受火灾破坏的区域生态系统会根据火灾的类型和当地情况而朝不同的方向发展。发生地面大火后，保留了成年的林分，并以烧焦的Epipedon形式形成了土壤中热解的稳定迹象。在这样的条件下，稀疏的草丛和死皮的开放林分几乎没有新生幼树和灌木的迹象。煤炭效应导致土壤酸度降低，可交换钙含量增加，腐殖质组成腐殖质的形成，和基不饱和 提议鉴定具​​有亚表位的煤表皮的土壤，即腐殖质致热后的腐殖质。顶火后，植物覆盖物和土壤覆盖物被完全破坏；生态系统从零开始发展。在低地以及阴影和背风的斜坡上，森林更新以一种自然的方式积极进行，并且以重新造林为背景。在后火时期，在幼林下形成了发育较弱的psammosoil腐殖质土壤。尽管采取了恢复林分的措施，但在太阳迎风暴露的斜坡上，仍形成了没有土壤形成迹象的未造林通缩区。遥感方法使人们有可能确定，尽管森林被重新造林，在火灾后的15年中，与火灾前相比，未造林的通缩区面积增加了11倍。建议采用林分恢复的方式，即在被大火破坏的地区上松动炭化土壤，并考虑到保护森林边缘不受风侵害而在the水区重复进行造林工作。在野火后恢复森林生态系统的一系列措施。