Fruit morphology and the anatomical structure of the pericarp, fruiting perianth, and seed coat were studied in 15 species of Poikilospermum, a genus whose position within the Urticaceae has long been controversial. Possible evolutionary trends of their transformation are suggested for both subgenera; plesiomorphies were found in P. oblongifolium and P. scabrinervium. Structural peculiarities of the fruit connected with its ejection out of the tubular perianth are discussed. The archaism of the fruit in Poikilospermum is revealed, indicated, as in Boehmeria, by the presence of the rudiment of an aborted carpel in the form of a large two-lobed rib. Using carpological anatomical characters, the species studied are classified into informal groups, such characters being able to pull the species within the subgenera into rough groupings where gross morphology has been unable to do so. It is shown that heterobathmy may be strongly associated with the genus Poikilospermum. Each subgenus has its own set of primitive carpological characters: in subgenus Poikilospermum the absence of a fruiting perianth which encases the fruit, and also of capitate inflorescences with swollen receptacles; in subgenus Ligulistigma remnant rudiment of the second carpel and ovary loculus, as well as a primitive, less simplified seed coat. Though the position of Poikilospermum as indicated by molecular data is within Urera, our results suggest that Dendrocnide (the only genus of the Urticeae that has a pyrenarium fruit type) may be closest to Poikilospermum, although the pericarp structure and dissemination behaviour in Poikilospermum are more specialised than those exhibited by Dendrocnide. Seed coat structure is also shown to exhibit traits seen in Moraceae.

中文翻译：

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鼠尾草科植物学的分类学比较

研究了15种Poikilospermum的果形，果皮，子生花被和种皮的解剖结构，该属在荨麻科中的位置一直存在争议。对于两个亚属都建议了它们转化的可能进化趋势。多形体发现于P. oblongifolium和P. scabrinervium。讨论了水果的结构特点及其与从花被筒中弹出的联系。如波希米亚（Boehmeria）所示，表明了Poikilospermum中水果的古风。，由于存在流产的心皮，呈大的两瓣肋骨的形式。使用鲤科解剖学特征，将所研究的物种分类为非正式群体，这些特征能够将亚属内的物种拉到粗糙的形态，而总体形态却无法做到。结果表明，异生菌与Poikilospermum属密切相关。每个亚属都有其自己的原始古生物学特征集：在Poikilospermum亚属中，没有包围果的花被膜花被，也没有具膨大的容器的头状花序。在Ligulistigma亚属中第二心皮和子房叶的残余残基，以及原始的，简化程度较低的种皮。虽然位置锥头麻属通过分子数据指示的是内Urera，我们的结果表明Dendrocnide（具有pyrenarium水果类型Urticeae的唯一种类）可以是最接近锥头麻属，虽然果皮结构和传播行为在锥头麻属是更加比Dendrocnide展出的药物更专业。种皮结构也显示出在桑科中观察到的特征。