Abstract

A review of publications on soils of botanical gardens forming in different landscape conditions and approaches to their classification is presented. Transformation of the soil profiles—the appearance of new horizons and features, acceleration or deceleration of pedogenetic processes, and, under conditions of intensive soil formation, relatively rapid disappearance of anthropogenic features—are noted for the soils of botanical gardens. Differentiation of the soil properties (pH, humus content, composition of the soil adsorption complex, nutrient content, etc.) within a given garden is due to differences in the duration of the anthropogenic impact on soils, land use history, introduced plants, soil and soil management. However, some general patterns of changes in the chemical properties of soils of botanical gardens relative to their natural background analogues can be identified. Soils of botanical garden are characterized by an increase in the humus content; the relative intensity of humus accumulation gains maximum in the botanical gardens of northern territories (the Bol’shoi Solovetskii Island, St. Petersburg); minimum differences with natural soils are observed in soils of the Mediterranean region and humid subtropics. The share of humic acids in the composition of humus also increases. The soil pH shifts towards higher values, especially in forest soils of the temperate and subtropical zones. The content of available nutrients (phosphorus and, sometimes, potassium) becomes higher. The diversity of the factors of anthropogenic influence on the soils of botanical gardens predetermines the diversity of their profiles. These soils combine the features of agrogenic soils (owing to their loosening and application of fertilizers), urban soils (owing to the application of various materials containing anthropogenic inclusions), and natural soils. According to the classification system of Russian soils, soils of botanical gardens can be classified the within the groups of agro-natural soils (agrosoils), agrozems, and agrostratozems; often, they belong to urbi-stratified subtypes of these and other soils.

中文翻译：

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植物园的人为土壤综述

摘要

介绍了在不同景观条件下形成的植物园土壤的出版物及其分类方法。对于植物园的土壤，土壤剖面的变化（新视野和特征的出现，成岩过程的加速或减速，以及在土壤密集形成的条件下，人为特征的消失相对较快）被注意到。给定花园内土壤性质（pH，腐殖质含量，土壤吸附复合物的组成，养分含量等）的差异是由于人为对土壤的影响持续时间，土地使用历史，引入的植物，土壤的差异而引起的和土壤管理。然而，可以确定植物园土壤相对于自然本底类似物化学性质变化的一些一般模式。植物园的土壤以腐殖质含量增加为特征。腐殖土积累的相对强度在北部地区（圣彼得堡的Bol'shoi Solovetskii岛）的植物园中获得最大；在地中海地区和亚热带湿润地区，与天然土壤的差异最小。腐殖酸在腐殖质组成中的份额也增加了。土壤的pH值趋向较高，特别是在温带和亚热带地区的森林土壤中。有效养分（磷，有时还包括钾）的含量更高。人为因素对植物园土壤的影响因素的多样性决定了其分布的多样性。这些土壤具有农业土壤（由于其疏松和施肥），城市土壤（由于使用了包含人为夹杂物的各种材料）和天然土壤的特征。根据俄罗斯土壤的分类系统，植物园的土壤可以分为农业自然土壤（土壤油），农用土壤和农用地层土壤。通常，它们属于这些土壤和其他土壤的urbi分层亚型。城市土壤（由于使用了包含人为夹杂物的各种材料）和天然土壤。根据俄罗斯土壤的分类系统，植物园的土壤可以分为农业自然土壤（土壤油），农用土壤和农用地层土壤。通常，它们属于这些土壤和其他土壤的urbi分层亚型。城市土壤（由于使用了包含人为夹杂物的各种材料）和天然土壤。根据俄罗斯土壤的分类系统，植物园的土壤可以分为农业自然土壤（土壤油），农用土壤和农用地层土壤。通常，它们属于这些土壤和其他土壤的urbi分层亚型。