Soybean meal (SBM) is the most common source of protein used to replace fishmeal (FM) in aquaculture diets. SBM inclusion in diets has been found to negatively affect growth and induce intestinal inflammation in fish. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of health-promoting dipeptide (carnosine, anserine, alanyl-glutamine) supplementation into SBM-based feeds on growth performance, intestinal health, and muscle free amino acid composition, an indicator of dietary amino acid availability, in a zebrafish model. There were 5 treatment groups in this study. The first group ( (+) Control ) received a FM-based diet. The second group ( (-) Control ) received SBM-based diet. The last three groups ( Ala-Glu, Car, and Ans) were fed SBM-based diets, supplemented with alanyl-glutamine, carnosine, and anserine respectively. All groups received their respective diets during 33-59 dph. The Ala-Glu and Car groups experienced a significantly higher weight gain than the (-) Control group, weighing 35.38% and 33.96% more, respectively at the conclusion of the study. There were no significant differences among gene expression between the groups, but Ala-Glu had the highest expression of both nutrient absorption genes measured, PepT1 and fabp2 . Ala-Glu had significantly longer intestinal villi, and a significantly higher villus length-to-width ratio than the (-) Control group. Among the free amino acid composition, the Car group had a significantly higher post-prandial concentration of lysine, compared to the (-) Control group. The increase in villi surface area and expression of nutrient absorption genes represent an improvement in intestinal absorptive capacity in the Ala-Glu group. The increase in lysine concentration may signify an increase in the retention of protein in the fish in the Car group. The results from this study provide support for the use of alanyl-glutamine and carnosine supplementation as a means of improving growth performance of zebrafish fed with a 100% SBM-based diet.

中文翻译：

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使用二肽补充作为减轻膳食粉对斑马鱼Danio rerio负面影响的手段

豆粕（SBM）是用于替代水产养殖日粮中鱼粉（FM）的最常见蛋白质来源。已发现在饮食中加入SBM会对鱼类的生长产生不利影响并引起肠道炎症。这项研究的目的是确定向基于SBM的饲料中添加促进健康的二肽（肌肽，鹅肌肽，丙氨酰谷氨酰胺）对生长性能，肠道健康和肌肉游离氨基酸组成（膳食氨基酸的指标）的影响斑马鱼模型中的可用性。本研究有5个治疗组。第一组（+对照组）接受基于调频的饮食。第二组（-）对照组接受基于SBM的饮食。最后三组（Ala-Glu，Car和Ans）以基于SBM的饮食喂养，分别补充了丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺，肌肽和anserine。所有组在33-59 dph期间接受各自的饮食。在研究结束时，Ala-Glu和Car组的体重增加明显高于（-）对照组，分别增加了35.38％和33.96％。两组之间的基因表达之间没有显着差异，但是Ala-Glu在测得的两个养分吸收基因PepT1和fabp2中的表达最高。与（-）对照组相比，Ala-Glu的肠绒毛长得多，而绒毛的长宽比则高得多。在游离氨基酸组成中，与（-）对照组相比，Car组的餐后赖氨酸浓度显着更高。绒毛表面积的增加和营养吸收基因的表达代表了Ala-Glu组肠道吸收能力的提高。赖氨酸浓度的增加可能表明Car组鱼类中蛋白质的保留量增加。这项研究的结果为使用丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺和肌氨酸补充剂作为改善以100％SBM饲料喂养的斑马鱼生长性能的一种手段提供了支持。