The stomatal pores of plant leaves control gas exchange with the environment. Stomatal development is prevised regulated by both internal genetic programs and environmental cues. Among various environmental factors, light regulation of stomata formation has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the genetic control of stomata development and its regulation by light. We also present a comparative analysis of the conserved and diverged stomatal regulatory networks between Arabidopsis and cereal grasses. Lastly, we provide our perspectives on manipulation of the stomata density on plant leaves for the purpose of breeding crops that are better adapted to the adverse environment and high-density planting conditions.

植物叶片的气孔控制着与环境的气体交换。气孔发育是由内部遗传程序和环境线索预先调节的。在各种环境因素中，在拟南芥中对气孔形成的光调节进行了广泛的研究。在这篇综述中，我们总结了气孔发育的遗传控制及其光调控的最新进展。我们还对拟南芥和谷类草之间的保守和不同的气孔调节网络进行了比较分析。最后，我们提供了关于操纵植物叶片气孔密度的观点，目的是培育更适应不利环境和高密度种植条件的作物。