Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing centers in a large number of animal cells. They are involved in diverse cellular functions like cell division, migration, sensing and motility. Despite being identified more than 100 years ago, they did not receive much attention until recent discoveries suggesting their association with human diseases. Centrosome-related defects have been observed in several human diseases including cancers, brain disorders and ciliopathies. Researchers in the field are trying to understand the relationship between centrosomes and these diseases. Accordingly, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of centrosomes during ciliogenesis and neural stem cell division. The review primarily focuses on the impairment of centrosome number, organization and functioning leading to a wide range of human diseases. Finally, we discuss the scope of targeting centrosomes for therapeutic purposes.

中心体是大量动物细胞中主要的微管组织中心。它们参与多种细胞功能，如细胞分裂、迁移、传感和运动。尽管在 100 多年前就已被发现，但直到最近的发现表明它们与人类疾病有关，它们才受到太多关注。在包括癌症、脑部疾病和纤毛病在内的几种人类疾病中已经观察到与中心体相关的缺陷。该领域的研究人员正试图了解中心体与这些疾病之间的关系。因此，本综述概述了有关中心体在纤毛发生和神经干细胞分裂过程中的作用的当前知识。该综述主要关注中心体数量的损害，组织和功能导致广泛的人类疾病。最后，我们讨论了靶向中心体用于治疗目的的范围。