The Finnish Landrace breed of chickens (in Finnish suomalainen maatiaiskana) traces its origins to almost 1,000 years ago. Today, remnant populations of phenotypically distinct lineages are maintained by a network of volunteer hobbyists in Finland, managed by Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke). Guided by a prior Major Histocompatibility Complex B-locus haplotype study, we sought now to characterize genetically Finnish Landrace chickens using denser genomic sampling. A new panel of 101 selectively neutral SNP sites was used to interrogate genetic variation in 192 individuals sampled from 13 putatively distinctive population units. Individuals partitioned into K = 11 genetic clusters characterized by high levels of genetic diversity, strong patterns of genetic structure and low levels of inbreeding. Evidence of an undocumented genetic lineage was also discovered. Facilitated by an inexpensive SNP assay, this study shows that the genetic integrity of the Finnish Landrace persists and represents a rich resource of natural (adaptive) genomic variation.

芬兰地方品种鸡（在芬兰suomalainen maatiaiskana中）的起源可追溯到大约1000年前。如今，由芬兰自然资源研究所（路加）管理的芬兰志愿爱好者网络维护着表型上独特的血统的残余种群。在先前的主要组织相容性复合体B位基因单倍型研究的指导下，我们现在寻求使用更密集的基因组采样来表征遗传上的芬兰长白鸡。一个由101个选择性中性SNP位点组成的新小组被用来询问从13个公认的独特人群中采样的192个人的遗传变异。个人分为K = 11个遗传簇，其特征是遗传多样性高，遗传结构格局强，近交程度低。还发现了无证遗传谱系的证据。通过廉价的SNP分析，这项研究表明芬兰长白的遗传完整性持续存在，并且代表着丰富的自然（自适应）基因组变异资源。