The aim of this essay is to examine the iconic nature of Mendeleev's periodic table in light of the philosophy of the American pragmatist Charles Sanders Peirce. Mendeleev and Peirce lived at approximately the same time during the 19th and early 20th centuries. They both trained as chemists and, in 1869, the year of Mendeleev's first arrangement of the chemical elements, Peirce published his own arrangement, also based on atomic weights. Peirce developed a theory of iconicity as part of his wider semiotics, an important characteristic of an icon being its epistemic fruitfulness. The periodic table proved to be epistemically fruitful in predicting new relations—new knowledge—such as revised atomic weights and novel elements. By viewing the periodic table through the lens of Peirce's iconicity, I will show how Mendeleev was able both to reveal and to make perspicuous the relations between the chemical elements.

中文翻译：

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元素周期表作为图标：查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔斯的哲学视角

本文的目的是根据美国实用主义者查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔斯（Charles Sanders Peirce）的哲学研究门捷列夫元素周期表的标志性。门捷列夫和皮尔士在19世纪和20世纪初大约同时生活。他们俩都接受过化学家的培训，在1869年门捷列夫首次化学元素布置的那一年，皮尔士发表了自己的布置，也是基于原子量的。皮尔斯（Peirce）发展了象似性理论，将其作为他广泛的符号学的一部分，这种象形的重要特征是其认知上的丰硕成果。元素周期表证明在预测新关系（新知识）（例如修订的原子量和新颖元素）方面具有认识论上的丰硕成果。通过皮尔士的标志性视角观察元素周期表，