Accumulating evidence shows that microbial co-infection increases the risk of disease severity in humans. There have been few studies about SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with other pathogens. In this retrospective study, 257 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients in Jiangsu Province were enrolled from January 22 to February 2, 2020. They were re-confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and tested for 39 respiratory pathogens. In total, 24 respiratory pathogens were found among the patients, and 242 (94.2 %) patients were co-infected with one or more pathogens. Bacterial co-infections were dominant in all COVID-19 patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. The highest and lowest rates of co-infections were found in patients aged 15-44 and below 15, respectively. Most co-infections occurred within 1-4 days of onset of COVID-19 disease. In addition, the proportion of viral co-infections, fungal co-infections and bacterial-fungal co-infections were the highest severe COVID-19 cases. These results will provide a helpful reference for diagnosis and clinical treatment of COVID-19 patients.

中文翻译：

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在COVID-2019病例中与呼吸道病原体同时感染。

越来越多的证据表明，微生物共感染增加了人类疾病严重程度的风险。很少有关于SARS-CoV-2与其他病原体共感染的研究。在这项回顾性研究中，从2020年1月22日至2020年2月2日，江苏省共有257例实验室确认的COVID-19患者入选。他们通过实时RT-PCR再次确认，并检测了39种呼吸道病原体。总共在患者中发现了24种呼吸道病原体，其中242名患者（94.2％）被一种或多种病原体共感染。细菌共感染在所有COVID-19患者中占主导地位，肺炎链球菌最常见，其次是肺炎克雷伯菌和流感嗜血杆菌。分别在15-44岁和15岁以下的患者中发现最高和最低的合并感染率。大多数合并感染发生在COVID-19疾病发作后的1-4天内。此外，病毒性合并感染，真菌性合并感染和细菌-真菌性合并感染的比例最高，是严重的COVID-19病例。这些结果将为COVID-19患者的诊断和临床治疗提供有益的参考。