In citrus groves, beneficial insects that reduce abundance of pests are considered a key component of integrated pest management strategies. The aim of this article was to assess the biodiversity of parasitoids and predators in citrus orchards in Moroccoto facilitate future investigations on their potential as biocontrol agents. Data of 105 citrus beneficial insects were gathered and summarized in a data matrix. Variables such nature, target pests, type, establishment, and efficacy were assessed. More than two-thirds of parasitoids and predators species identified in citrus groves of Morocco (105 species) are native (> 70%). Both groups represent only a small fraction of the introduced species. The mostly attack armored scale insects (Diaspididae) and aphids (Aphididae). The ladybeetle Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is the first beneficial species introduced in 1921 to the Moroccan citrus orchards to control the cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae). Major introductions of these parasitoids and predators were carried out during the ninetieth to control the main citrus pests whereas they were accidentally introduced. These purposely introduced species are mainly Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Coccinellidae, and Phytoseiidae. Whereas a high proportion of the introduced beneficial insects was established and no species have been reported to be harmful to this date. Considering only the introduced species used in classical biological control context, about 20 and 40% of them are considered as effective or partially effective, respectively.

中文翻译：

---

摩洛哥柑橘林的有益昆虫群落：评估其增强生物防治服务的潜力

在柑橘林中，减少有害生物数量的有益昆虫被认为是有害生物综合治理战略的关键组成部分。本文的目的是评估摩洛哥柑桔园中的寄生生物和天敌的生物多样性，以利于将来对其作为生物防治剂的潜力进行调查。收集了105种柑桔类有益昆虫的数据，并汇总在数据矩阵中。评估了变量的性质，目标害虫，类型，建立和功效。在摩洛哥的柑橘林中发现的三分之二以上的寄生虫和天敌物种（105种）是本地的（> 70％）。两组仅占引入物种的一小部分。主要攻击装甲鳞虫（Diaspididae）和蚜虫（Aphididae）。瓢虫Rodolia cardinalis（Mulsant）（鞘翅目：瓢虫科（Coccinellidae）是1921年引入摩洛哥柑桔园的第一个有益物种，用于控制棉质坐垫规模的Icerya purchasi（Maskell）（半翅目：单节菌科）。这些寄生物和捕食者的主要引进是在九十年代进行的，目的是控制主要的柑橘害虫，而它们是偶然引入的。这些特意引入的物种主要是麻疯科，钩虫科、,科，球虫科和植物科。尽管已建立了很大比例的引入的有益昆虫，但据报道没有任何有害生物。仅考虑在经典生物防治环境中使用的引入物种，分别将其约20％和40％视为有效或部分有效。