Some demographic parameters of the indigenous parasitoid, Aphidius matricariae Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were estimated at 3 different temperatures (20, 25, and 30 ± 1 °C; 70 ± 5% RH; 16 L:8D). According to age-specific theory, the demographic parameters of the parasitoid were computed by related formulas. The results showed that duration of mummy’s formation to adult emergence and oviposition to adult emergence were significantly prolonged at 30 °C. The high temperature (30 °C) markedly shortened the longevity and lifespan of the wasp. The lowest value of fecundity (6.35 ± 0.85) significantly occurred when the female wasps were exposed to 30 °C. The estimated values of rm were remarkably high when the female wasps were exposed to 20 (0.320 ± 0.011) and 25 °C (0.310 ± 0.009). The lowest and highest values of the R0 significantly occurred at 30 (6.167 ± 0.754) and 20 °C (55.306 ± 6.316). The λ, T, DT, and rw values were noticeably decreased at high temperature, and there was non-significant difference between the two other temperatures. High temperature decreased the number of females produced per female per day (mx) and survival rate (lx) of the parasitoid wasp. The highest mx and lx happened at 20 and 25 °C, respectively. Therefore, the results showed that the parasitoid wasp was sensitive to the high temperature, as its low reproduction, survival, and short adult longevity were recorded. Considering the characteristics, the wasp appeared to be well-adapt with the temperatures below 30 °C. Understanding the optimal temperatures for the life history traits of A. matricariae could promote the performance of the parasitoid wasp in different climatic regions, and this might advance the mass production of the parasitoid applied in IPM program for successful biological control of S. graminum.

中文翻译：

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估算不同温度下的蚜虫Haliday（膜翅目：Braconidae），蚜虫蚜虫（Schizaphis graminum（Rondani）（Hemiptera：Aphididae）的寄生）的人口统计参数

在3个不同的温度（20、25和30±1°C； 70）下，估算了寄生于绿色小虫Schizaphis graminum（Rondani）（半翅目：蚜虫）的寄生原虫Aphidius matricariae Haliday（膜翅目：Braconidae）的一些人口统计参数。 ±5％RH; 16 L：8D）。根据特定年龄的理论，通过相关公式计算了寄生虫的人口统计参数。结果表明，在30°C时，木乃伊形成到成年的持续时间和产卵到成年的时间显着延长。高温（30°C）明显缩短了黄蜂的寿命和寿命。当雌性黄蜂暴露于30°C时，生殖力的最低值（6.35±0.85）显着出现。当雌性黄蜂暴露于20（0.320±0）时，rm的估计值非常高。011）和25°C（0.310±0.009）。R0的最低和最高值分别在30（6.167±0.754）和20°C（55.306±6.316）时发生。高温下的λ，T，DT和rw值显着降低，而其他两个温度之间的差异不显着。高温降低了每只雌性每天生产的雌性数量（mx）和寄生蜂的存活率（lx）。最高的mx和lx分别发生在20和25°C。因此，结果表明，由于记录了其低繁殖，存活和短寿命的寿命，寄生类黄蜂对高温敏感。考虑到这些特性，黄蜂似乎可以很好地适应低于30°C的温度。了解A的生活史特征的最佳温度。