Fruit flies have a great influence on fruit and vegetable industry of Pakistan. Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Tephritidae) is a polyphagous pest in large number of fruit and vegetable crops worldwide. Virulence of 4 entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. indica, Steinernema carpocapsae, and S. asiaticum, was evaluated at different temperature degrees (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) against the immature stages of fruit fly species, B. dorsalis. The tested EPNs species showed a temperature dependent virulence against the fruit fly immatures. All EPNs showed a poor infectivity at the lowest temperature (15 °C) and a high infectivity at the highest temperature (35 °C). In overall, H. bacteriophora performed the best against the fruit fly larvae and pupae at all temperature degrees. At 35 °C, all the EPNs caused more than 95% mortality in fruit fly maggots, but H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae performed better than the others. The EPNs infectivity increased with increasing the temperature and exposure time. Similar results were recorded in case of pupae. H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae caused more than 70% pupal mortality rates at 35 °C.

中文翻译：

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昆虫病原线虫对东方实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel（Diptera：Tephritidae）的未成熟幼体的温度依赖性毒力。

果蝇对巴基斯坦的果蔬产业影响很大。Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel（Tephritidae）是世界范围内许多水果和蔬菜作物中的一种多食性害虫。针对水果的未成熟阶段，在不同的温度等级（15、20、25、30和35°C）下评估了4种昆虫病线虫（EPNs）的致病性，即细菌性杂种杆菌，H。indica，Steinernema carpocapsae和S. asiaticum。苍蝇种，背果。测试的EPNs种类对果蝇未成熟品表现出温度依赖性毒力。所有EPN在最低温度（15°C）下均表现出较差的感染力，而在最高温度（35°C）下均表现出较高的感染力。总体而言，H。bacteriophora在所有温度下对果蝇幼虫和p的表现最佳。在35°C下，所有的EPNs导致果蝇mortality的死亡率超过95％，但是H. bacteriophora和S. carpocapsae的表现要好于其他。EPNs的传染性随温度和暴露时间的增加而增加。of的情况相似。在35°C时，H。bacteriophora和S. carpocapsae导致p死亡率超过70％。