Microwave vectorial near-field precision physical quantity sensing using ensembles of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond has attracted much interest in recent years. The quantum probe of a micron-sized diamond particle attached to a tapered fiber has been widely studied for applications in condensed matter physics, bioscience and electromagnetics. A general issue of Microwave (MW) field vectorial sensing using the probe describe above is the orientation of the NV axes to specified directions in the lab frame. In this work, we propose a practical method for characterizing the MW vectorial near-field by using the quantum probe. The orientations of the NV axes in the lab frame are measured first by using 3-axis Helmholtz coils. The NV axis also needs to be rotated to any specified direction for sensing the MW vectorial near-field component on the perpendicular plane. We demonstrate coplanar waveguide (CPW) vectorial near-field characterization using this micrometer-sized probe, and the proposed method is expected to be applied in the field of millimeter wave imaging with nanometer spatial resolution.

中文翻译：

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基于锥形光纤的微金刚石微波器件的矢量近场表征

近年来，使用金刚石中氮空位 (NV) 中心集合的微波矢量近场精密物理量传感引起了人们的广泛兴趣。附着在锥形纤维上的微米级金刚石粒子的量子探针已被广泛研究用于凝聚态物理、生物科学和电磁学中的应用。使用上述探头的微波 (MW) 场矢量传感的一个普遍问题是 NV 轴在实验室框架中的指定方向的方向。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种使用量子探针表征 MW 矢量近场的实用方法。首先使用 3 轴亥姆霍兹线圈测量实验室框架中 NV 轴的方向。NV 轴也需要旋转到任何指定的方向，以检测垂直平面上的 MW 矢量近场分量。我们使用这种微米尺寸的探针演示了共面波导（CPW）矢量近场表征，并且所提出的方法有望应用于具有纳米空间分辨率的毫米波成像领域。