The most common perspective of game theory is that of an individual decision-maker, who attempts to make a decision about what to do in an attempt to bring about the most preferred outcome for themselves. Such decision making in game theory is distinguished from conventional optimization problems by the fact that the consequences of an individual’s decision will depend not just on their choice, but on the choices made by others. This motivates the development of solution concepts for the game theory, of which Nash equilibrium is the best-known. These solution concepts attempt to characterize how rational agents would make choices in such situations. But there is another way of thinking about games, as follows. Suppose, instead of being a player within the game, you were a benevolent omniscient external entity, who was able to simply choose the outcome for the game.

中文翻译：

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穿越无知的面纱：了解社会福利

博弈论最普遍的观点是单个决策者的观点，他试图做出决定以试图为自己带来最可取的结果。博弈论中的这种决策与传统的优化问题不同，因为一个人的决策的后果将不仅取决于他们的选择，还取决于其他人的选择。这激发了博弈论解决方案概念的发展，其中最著名的是纳什均衡。这些解决方案的概念试图刻画理性主体在这种情况下将如何做出选择。但是，还有另一种思考游戏的方法，如下所示。假设您不是仁慈的玩家，而是仁慈的无所不知的外部实体，