Expansion of rotational timber harvesting of mangroves is set to increase, particularly given greater recognition of the economic, societal and environmental benefits. Generic and standardized procedures for monitoring mangroves are, therefore, needed to ensure their long‐term sustainable utilisation. Focusing on the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR), Perak State, Peninsular Malaysia, thematic and continuous environmental descriptors with defined codes or units, including lifeform, forest age (years), canopy cover (%), above‐ground biomass (Mg ha⁻¹) and relative amounts of woody debris (%), were retrieved from time‐series data from spaceborne optical and single/dual polarimetric and interferometric RADAR. These were then combined for multiple points in time to generate land cover and evidence‐based change maps according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) and using the framework of the Earth Observation Data for Ecosystem Monitoring (EODESM). Change maps were based on a pre‐defined taxonomy, with focus on clear cutting and regrowth. Uncertainties surrounding the land cover and change maps were based on those determined for the environmental descriptors used for their generation and through comparison with independent retrieval from other EO data sources. For the MMFR and also for other mangroves worldwide where harvesting is occurring or being considered, a new approach and opportunity for supporting management of mangroves is presented, which has application for future planning of mangrove resources.

中文翻译：

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通过地球观测监测马来西亚半岛马当的红树林：一种全球相关的方法

红树林轮伐木材采伐的扩大势必会增加，特别是考虑到人们越来越认识到经济，社会和环境效益。因此，需要用于监测红树林的通用和标准化程序，以确保其长期可持续利用。重点关注马来西亚半岛霹雳州的Matang红树林森林保护区（MMFR），主题和连续环境描述符，其中定义了代码或单位，包括生命形式，森林年龄（年），树冠覆盖率（％），地上生物量（Mg ha ^-1）和木屑的相对含量（％），是从星载光学，单/双极化和干涉RADAR的时间序列数据中获得的。然后根据粮食和农业组织（FAO）土地覆盖分类系统（LCCS）并使用用于生态系统监测的地球观测数据框架（EODESM），将它们在多个时间点合并以生成土地覆盖和基于证据的变化图）。变更图基于预先定义的分类法，重点是清晰的切割和再生长。土地覆盖图和变化图周围的不确定性基于为它们的生成所使用的环境描述符所确定的不确定性，并且与来自其他EO数据源的独立检索结果进行了比较。