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Spatial distributions and seasonality of four Calanus species in the Northeast Atlantic
Progress in Oceanography ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102344
Espen Strand , Espen Bagøien , Martin Edwards , Cecilie Broms , Thor Klevjer

Abstract This paper analyses spatial and seasonal patterns for near-surface abundances of four Calanus species in the Northeast Atlantic based on monthly Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey data collected during 2008–2016. C. finmarchicus, C. helgolandicus, C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis represent different ecosystems, and water masses with differing oceanographic properties and origins. Hence, these are considered as indicator species in climate change studies. A southern transect between Norway and the United Kingdom represented the northern North Sea, a central transect crossed the Norwegian and Iceland Seas, while a northern transect between Norway and Svalbard crossed the entrance to the Barents Sea. C. finmarchicus was prevalent everywhere, while C. helgolandicus was mainly confined to the northern North Sea though also documented downstream in the Norwegian Sea as far north as the entrance to the Barents Sea. The ratio of C. helgolandicus to C. finmarchicus abundances is expected to increase in the northern North Sea and southern Norwegian Sea given continued increases in seawater temperature. C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis were mainly associated with regions influenced by Arctic waters in the Iceland and Norwegian Seas, and south of Svalbard, respectively. Within Atlantic water masses in the central Norwegian Sea, a distinct second generation of C. finmarchicus with surprisingly high late-autumn concentrations of older stages were found. In Coastal water, two or more generations of C. finmarchicus occurred, while only one generation was evident in Arctic waters. Young C. finmarchicus of the first annual generation showed an earlier timing in Coastal than Atlantic and Arctic waters. The upper range of the temperature niche for both C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis was found to be around 7 °C. However, the peak occurrence within the study area was in 1–2 °C in Arctic water in the Iceland Sea in April for C. hyperboreus, while around 5 °C in Barents Sea Arctic water in July for C. glacialis. C. finmarchicus was present in all water masses with a peak occurrence in June at around 6 °C. C. finmarchicus generally dominated the Calanus-biomass, but C. hyperboreus in Arctic water in the Iceland and Norwegian Seas in spring, and C. helgolandicus in the northern North Sea, could match or exceed the biomass of C. finmarchicus.

中文翻译:

东北大西洋四种Calanus物种的空间分布和季节性

摘要 本文基于 2008-2016 年收集的月度连续浮游生物记录仪 (CPR) 调查数据,分析了东北大西洋四种 Calanus 物种近地表丰度的空间和季节模式。C. finmarchicus、C. helgolandicus、C. hyperboreus 和 C. glacialis 代表不同的生态系统,以及具有不同海洋学特性和起源的水团。因此,这些被视为气候变化研究中的指示物种。挪威和英国之间的南部断面代表北海北部,中央断面穿过挪威海和冰岛海,而挪威和斯瓦尔巴群岛之间的北部断面穿过巴伦支海的入口。C. finmarchicus 无处不在,而 C. helgolandicus 主要限于北海北部,但也有记载在挪威海下游,最北至巴伦支海的入口。鉴于海水温度持续升高,预计北海北部和挪威海南部 C. helgolandicus 与 C. finmarchicus 丰度的比率将增加。C. hyperboreus 和 C. glacialis 分别与冰岛和挪威海以及斯瓦尔巴群岛南部受北极水域影响的地区有关。在挪威海中部的大西洋水团中,发现了明显的第二代 C. finmarchicus,其晚秋浓度高得惊人。在沿海水域,C. finmarchicus 发生了两代或更多代,而在北极水域仅出现了一代。年轻的 C. 第一代的 finmarchicus 在沿海水域比大西洋和北极水域出现时间更早。发现 C. hyperboreus 和 C. glacialis 的温度生态位上限约为 7 °C。然而,研究区域内的峰值出现在 4 月冰岛海北极水域中 C. hyperboreus 的 1-2°C 中,而 C. glacialis 的峰值出现在 7 月巴伦支海北极水域中的 5°C 左右。C. finmarchicus 存在于所有水团中,在 6 月的峰值出现在 6 °CC 左右 finmarchicus 通常在 Calanus 生物量中占主导地位,但 C. hyperboreus 在春季冰岛和挪威海的北极水域中,以及 C. helgolandicus 在北海北部,可以匹配或超过 C. finmarchicus 的生物量。发现 C. hyperboreus 和 C. glacialis 的温度生态位上限约为 7 °C。然而,研究区域内的峰值出现在 4 月冰岛海北极水域中 C. hyperboreus 的 1-2°C 中,而 C. glacialis 的峰值出现在 7 月巴伦支海北极水域中的 5°C 左右。C. finmarchicus 存在于所有水团中,在 6 月的峰值出现在 6 °CC 左右 finmarchicus 通常在 Calanus 生物量中占主导地位,但 C. hyperboreus 在春季冰岛和挪威海的北极水域中,以及 C. helgolandicus 在北海北部,可以匹配或超过 C. finmarchicus 的生物量。发现 C. hyperboreus 和 C. glacialis 的温度生态位上限约为 7 °C。然而,研究区域内的峰值出现在 4 月冰岛海北极水域中 C. hyperboreus 的 1-2°C 中,而 C. glacialis 的峰值出现在 7 月巴伦支海北极水域中的 5°C 左右。C. finmarchicus 存在于所有水团中,在 6 月的峰值出现在 6 °CC 左右 finmarchicus 通常在 Calanus 生物量中占主导地位,但 C. hyperboreus 在春季冰岛和挪威海的北极水域中,以及 C. helgolandicus 在北海北部,可以匹配或超过 C. finmarchicus 的生物量。C. hyperboreus 研究区域内的峰值出现在 4 月冰岛海北极水域的 1-2 °C,而 C. glacialis 在 7 月巴伦支海北极水域的峰值出现在 5 °C 左右。C. finmarchicus 存在于所有水团中,在 6 月的峰值出现在 6 °CC 左右 finmarchicus 通常在 Calanus 生物量中占主导地位,但 C. hyperboreus 在春季冰岛和挪威海的北极水域中,以及 C. helgolandicus 在北海北部,可以匹配或超过 C. finmarchicus 的生物量。C. hyperboreus 研究区域内的峰值出现在 4 月冰岛海北极水域的 1-2 °C,而 C. glacialis 在 7 月巴伦支海北极水域的峰值出现在 5 °C 左右。C. finmarchicus 存在于所有水团中,在 6 月的峰值出现在 6 °CC 左右 finmarchicus 通常在 Calanus 生物量中占主导地位,但 C. hyperboreus 在春季冰岛和挪威海的北极水域中,以及 C. helgolandicus 在北海北部,可以匹配或超过 C. finmarchicus 的生物量。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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