Validation of the Bullying Scale for Adults - Results of the PRONIA-study.,Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Validation of the Bullying Scale for Adults - Results of the PRONIA-study.
Journal of Psychiatric Research ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.04.004
Theresa Katharina Haidl ₁ , Nicole Schneider ₂ , Kim Dickmann ₂ , Stephan Ruhrmann ₁ , Nathalie Kaiser ₁ , Marlene Rosen ₁ , Mauro Seves ₁ , Thorsten Lichtenstein ₃ , Rachel Upthegrove ₄ , Raimo K R Salokangas ₅ , Christos Pantelis ₆ , Eva Meisenzahl ₇ , Stephen J Wood ₈ , Paolo Brambilla ₉ , Stefan Borgwardt ₁₀ , Lencer Rebekka ₁₁ , Joseph Kambeitz ₁ , Nikolaos Koutsouleris ₁₂ , Frauke Schultze-Lutter ₇ ,

Affiliation

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Mental Health & School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Finland.
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Australia.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Institute of Mental Health & School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Psychiatry (Psychiatric University Hospital, UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische-Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximillians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

Background

Bullying as a specific subtype of adverse life events is a major risk factor for poor mental health. Although many questionnaires on bullying are available, so far none covers bullying retrospectively throughout school and working life. To close this gap, the Bullying Scale for Adults (BSA) was designed.

Methods

Based on data of 622 participants from five European countries collected in the prospective multicenter Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) study, we investigated whether the BSA is a reliable and valid measurement for bullying and whether there is a difference across different diagnostic groups of early mental disorders (recent onset depressive/ psychotic patients, patients at clinical high-risk of psychosis) and healthy controls.

Results

Bullying experiences were significantly less frequent in healthy controls than in patient groups, with no significant differences between the three clinical groups. The BSA exhibited a high item scale discrimination (r > .3) and very good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .93). Four factors were identified: 1. Sexual harassment, 2. Emotional Abuse, 3. Physical Abuse, 4. Problems at school. The highly significant correlation between bullying, and childhood adversities and trauma (r = .645, p < .001) indicated good concurrent validity.

Discussion

The BSA is the first validated questionnaire that, in retrospective, reliably records various aspects of bullying (incl. its consequences) not only throughout childhood but also working life. It can be used to assess bullying as a transdiagnostic risk factor of mental disorders in different mental disorders, esp. psychosis and depression.

中文翻译：

成人欺凌量表的验证-PRONIA研究的结果。

背景

欺凌是不良生活事件的特定亚型，是造成心理健康不良的主要危险因素。尽管有很多关于欺凌的调查表，但到目前为止，没有一个调查表涵盖了整个学校和工作期间的欺凌行为。为了弥合这一差距，设计了成人欺凌量表（BSA）。

方法

根据前瞻性多中心早期精神病管理个性化预测工具研究中收集的来自五个欧洲国家的622名参与者的数据，我们调查了BSA是否是对欺凌行为的可靠且有效的衡量标准，以及不同诊断组之间是否存在差异早期精神障碍（近期发作的抑郁/精神病患者，临床上患有精神病的高危患者）和健康对照者。

结果

健康对照组中的欺凌经历明显少于患者组，三个临床组之间没有显着差异。BSA表现出较高的项目规模判别度（r> .3）和非常好的内部一致性（Cronbach'sα= .93）。确定了四个因素：1.性骚扰； 2.情感虐待； 3.身体虐待； 4.学校问题。欺凌与儿童期逆境和创伤之间的高度显着相关性（r = .645，p <.001）表明良好的并发有效性。