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Ambient particulate matter oxidative potential: Chemical determinants, associated health effects, and strategies for risk management.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.028 Dong Gao 1 , Susannah Ripley 2 , Scott Weichenthal 3 , Krystal J Godri Pollitt 4
Free Radical Biology and Medicine ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.028 Dong Gao 1 , Susannah Ripley 2 , Scott Weichenthal 3 , Krystal J Godri Pollitt 4
Affiliation
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Exposure to ambient air pollution has an adverse influence on human health. There is increasing evidence that oxidative potential (OP), the capacity of airborne pollutants to oxidize target molecules by generating redox oxidizing species, is a plausible metric for particulate matter (PM) toxicity. Here we describe the commonly used acellular techniques for measuring OP (respiratory tract lining fluid, dithiothreitol, ascorbic acid, and electron paramagnetic resonance assays) and review the PM chemical constituents that have been identified to drive the OP response. We further perform a review of the epidemiologic literature to identify studies that reported an association between exposure to ambient PM and a health outcome in a human population, and in which exposure was measured by both PM mass concentration and OP. Laboratory studies have shown that specific redox-active metals and quinones are able to contribute OP directly. However, interactions among PM species may alter the redox properties of PM components. In ambient PM measurements, all OP assays were found to be correlated with metals (Fe, Cu) and organic species (photochemically aged organics). Across the epidemiological studies reviewed, associations between fine PM (PM2.5) mass and cardio-respiratory outcomes were found to be stronger at elevated OP levels but findings varied across the different OP measurement techniques. Future work should aim to identify specific situations in which PM OP can improve air pollution exposure assessment and/or risk management. This may be particularly useful in countries with low PM2.5 mass concentrations over broad spatial scales where such information may greatly improve the efficiency of risk management activities.
中文翻译：
环境颗粒物的氧化潜能：化学决定因素，相关的健康影响以及风险管理策略。
暴露于环境空气污染对人体健康有不利影响。越来越多的证据表明，氧化电位（OP）是空气中污染物通过产生氧化还原氧化物质氧化目标分子的能力，是颗粒物（PM）毒性的合理度量。在这里，我们描述了用于测量OP的常用脱细胞技术（呼吸道内衬液，二硫苏糖醇，抗坏血酸和电子顺磁共振测定法），并综述了已确定可驱动OP反应的PM化学成分。我们进一步对流行病学文献进行综述，以鉴定报告了环境PM暴露与人群健康结局之间相关性的研究，并且这些暴露均通过PM质量浓度和OP进行测量。实验室研究表明，特定的氧化还原活性金属和醌能够直接贡献OP。但是，PM物质之间的相互作用可能会改变PM组分的氧化还原特性。在环境PM测量中，发现所有OP测定均与金属（Fe，Cu）和有机物（光化学老化的有机物）相关。在所审查的流行病学研究中，发现较高的OP水平下，细微PM（PM2.5）质量与心脏呼吸结果之间的关联更强，但不同OP测量技术的发现存在差异。未来的工作应旨在确定PM OP可以改善空气污染暴露评估和/或风险管理的特定情况。这对于PM2含量较低的国家可能特别有用。
更新日期：2020-05-11
中文翻译：
环境颗粒物的氧化潜能：化学决定因素，相关的健康影响以及风险管理策略。
暴露于环境空气污染对人体健康有不利影响。越来越多的证据表明，氧化电位（OP）是空气中污染物通过产生氧化还原氧化物质氧化目标分子的能力，是颗粒物（PM）毒性的合理度量。在这里，我们描述了用于测量OP的常用脱细胞技术（呼吸道内衬液，二硫苏糖醇，抗坏血酸和电子顺磁共振测定法），并综述了已确定可驱动OP反应的PM化学成分。我们进一步对流行病学文献进行综述，以鉴定报告了环境PM暴露与人群健康结局之间相关性的研究，并且这些暴露均通过PM质量浓度和OP进行测量。实验室研究表明，特定的氧化还原活性金属和醌能够直接贡献OP。但是，PM物质之间的相互作用可能会改变PM组分的氧化还原特性。在环境PM测量中，发现所有OP测定均与金属（Fe，Cu）和有机物（光化学老化的有机物）相关。在所审查的流行病学研究中，发现较高的OP水平下，细微PM（PM2.5）质量与心脏呼吸结果之间的关联更强，但不同OP测量技术的发现存在差异。未来的工作应旨在确定PM OP可以改善空气污染暴露评估和/或风险管理的特定情况。这对于PM2含量较低的国家可能特别有用。
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