Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are small, ubiquitous, viruses with a highly diverse, single-stranded, negative sense DNA genome and wide host range. They are detected at high rates in both healthy and diseased individuals and are considered a significant part of the mammalian virome. Similar to human TTVs, swine TTVs (TTSuVs) are epidemiologically linked to several coinfections including porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 and the porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus. Experimental infection of gnotobiotic pigs with TTSuVs resulted in lesions in multiple organs and exacerbation of coinfections, making TTSuVs the only members of the Anelloviridae family with experimental evidence for pathogenicity. However, due to the lack of reliable cell culture and animal models, mechanistic studies on viral immunity and pathogenesis are limited. The objective of this review is to summarize the current status of knowledge regarding the biology, detection, pathogenesis and public health significance of TTSuVs, while identifying gaps in knowledge which limit the field.

中文翻译：

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在健康和疾病中扭转 Teno 病毒。

Torque Teno 病毒 (TTV) 是一种小型、普遍存在的病毒，具有高度多样化的单链负义 DNA 基因组和广泛的宿主范围。它们在健康和患病个体中的检测率很高，被认为是哺乳动物病毒组的重要组成部分。与人类 TTV 类似，猪 TTV (TTSuV) 在流行病学上与多种合并感染有关，包括猪圆环病毒 2 型和 3 型以及猪生殖和呼吸系统疾病综合征病毒。用 TTSuV 对无菌猪进行实验感染导致多器官损伤和合并感染加剧，使 TTSuV 成为具有致病性实验证据的指环病毒科的唯一成员。然而，由于缺乏可靠的细胞培养和动物模型，对病毒免疫和发病机制的机制研究是有限的。