Abstract One of the best known places on Earth where volcanology meets archaeology and history is the volcanic island of Santorini (Thira), Greece. It is famous for the cataclysmic Late Bronze Age (Minoan) Plinian eruption which destroyed the Minoan culture that flourished on the island. Hosting a central, flooded caldera bay and, within that, the active islands of Palaea and Nea Kameni, Santorini volcano has been the focus of international research efforts for over one and a half centuries. In this paper, we summarize recent findings and related ideas about the Minoan physiography of the island, also known as Strongyli, from a volcanological, geomorphological and archaeological point of view. As proposed as early as the 1980s, a central caldera bay existed prior to the Late Bronze Age. Probably characterised by a smaller size and located in the northern part of the present-day caldera, this earlier caldera bay was formed during the previous Plinian eruption – called Cape Riva eruption – c. 22,000 years ago. Within the caldera bay, a central island, Pre-Kameni, existed, named after the present-day Kameni Islands. High-precision radioisotopic dating revealed that Pre-Kameni started to grow c. 20,000 years ago. Whereas volcanologists have accepted and refined the caldera concept, archaeologists have generally favoured the theory of an exploded central cone instead of a pre-existing central caldera. However, analysis of the Flotilla Fresco, one of the wall paintings found in the Bronze Age settlement of Akrotiri, reveals the interior of a Late Bronze Age caldera that may be interpreted as a realistic landscape. Approximately 3600 years ago, the island of Strongyli was destroyed during the explosive VEI = 7 Minoan eruption. Pre-Kameni was lost by this eruption, but its scattered fragments, together with other parts of Strongyli, can be recovered as lithic clasts from the Minoan tuffs. On the basis of photo-statistics and granulometry of the lithic clasts contained in the Minoan tuffs, complemented by volumetric assessment of the erupted tephra and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis of alternative models for the pre-eruptive topography, the volume of Pre-Kameni can be constrained between 1.6 and 3.0 km3, whereas the volume of the destroyed portion of the ring island of Strongyli between 9.1 and 17.1 km3. Of these, the larger values are considered more realistic, and imply that most of the destroyed part of Strongyli was incorporated as lithic components in the Minoan tuffs, whereas up to 3 km3 of Strongyli might have been downfaulted and sunken during caldera formation and is not accounted for in the lithics.

中文翻译：

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在米诺斯火山喷发之前限制青铜时代晚期圣托里尼的景观：来自火山学、地貌学和考古学发现的见解

摘要 地球上最著名的火山学与考古学和历史相结合的地方之一是希腊圣托里尼 (锡拉) 的火山岛。它以毁灭性的青铜时代晚期（米诺斯）普林尼亚火山喷发而闻名，它摧毁了岛上繁荣的米诺斯文化。一个半世纪以来，圣托里尼火山一直是国际研究工作的重点，拥有一个中央被洪水淹没的火山口海湾，以及在其中的活跃岛屿 Palaea 和 Nea Kameni。在本文中，我们从火山学、地貌学和考古学的角度总结了有关该岛（也称为 Strongyli）的米诺斯地貌的最新发现和相关观点。早在 1980 年代就有人提出，在青铜时代晚期之前就存在中央火山口海湾。可能的特点是面积较小，位于现今火山口的北部，这个较早的火山口湾是在上一次普林尼亚火山喷发期间形成的 - 称为里瓦角喷发 - c。22,000 年前。在火山口湾内，有一个中央岛屿 Pre-Kameni，以现在的 Kameni 群岛命名。高精度放射性同位素测年显示 Pre-Kameni 开始生长 c。两万年前。虽然火山学家已经接受并完善了火山口的概念，但考古学家普遍支持爆炸的中央锥体理论，而不是预先存在的中央火山口的理论。然而，对在青铜时代阿克罗蒂里定居点发现的壁画之一的 Flotilla Fresco 的分析揭示了青铜时代晚期火山口的内部，可以解释为现实景观。大约 3600 年前，Strongyli 岛在爆炸性的 VEI = 7 米诺斯火山爆发期间被摧毁。Pre-Kameni 因这次喷发而消失了，但其散落的碎片与 Strongyli 的其他部分一起，可以作为来自米诺斯凝灰岩的岩屑碎屑恢复。基于包含在米诺斯凝灰岩中的岩屑的光统计和粒度测定，辅以喷发的火山灰的体积评估和喷发前地形替代模型的数字高程模型 (DEM) 分析， Kameni 可以限制在 1.6 到 3.0 平方公里之间，而 Strongyli 环岛被破坏部分的体积在​​ 9.1 到 17.1 平方公里之间。其中，较大的值被认为更现实，