The aerobic endurance is considered an important physiological capacity of soccer players which is examined by Incremental Exercise Test (IET). However, it is not clear how general fatigue induced by IET influences physiological and biomechanical gait features in soccer players and how players recover optimally at post-IET. Here, the effect of general fatigue induced by IET on energy cost, gait variability and stability in soccer players was investigated. To identify an optimal recovery mode, the effect of walking at Preferred Walking Speed (PWS), running at Individual Ventilation Threshold (IVT) (two active recovery modes), and Rest (a passive recovery mode) on aforementioned features were studied. Nine male players walked 4-min at PWS on a treadmill prior IET (PreT), which was followed by four 4-min walking trials (PosT-0, 1, 2, and 3) with three 4-min recovery intervals (PWS, IVT, or Rest) between them, in three sessions (one for each recovery mode) in a random order. Energy cost, gait variability and stability were examined at PreT (baseline), and at PosT-0, 1, 2, and 3 (intervals of respectively 0-4, 8-12, 16-20, 24-28 minutes at post-IET). Gait variability was assessed by the standard deviation of trunk angle and gait stability was assessed by the local dynamic stability of trunk angular velocity. Gait stability was not affected by IET, despite increases in gait variability and energy cost. Different from IVT, PWS and Rest recovery modes reduced energy cost at post-IET. Gait variability and energy cost recovered at PosT-1 and PosT-2, suggesting that 8-12 and 16-20 minutes recovery intervals, respectively, were required for returning to their baselines. No preference for active over passive recovery was found in terms of gait variability and energy cost.

有氧耐力被认为是足球运动员的一项重要生理能力，通过增量运动测试（IET）来检测。然而，目前尚不清楚 IET 引起的全身疲劳如何影响足球运动员的生理和生物力学步态特征，以及运动员在 IET 后如何最佳恢复。在此，研究了 IET 引起的全身疲劳对足球运动员能量消耗、步态变异性和稳定性的影响。为了确定最佳恢复模式，研究了以首选步行速度 (PWS) 行走、以个人通气阈值 (IVT) 跑步（两种主动恢复模式）和休息（被动恢复模式）对上述特征的影响。九名男性选手在 IET (PreT) 之前在 PWS 跑步机上步行 4 分钟，随后进行四次 4 分钟步行试验（PostT-0、1、2 和 3），并进行 3 次 4 分钟恢复间隔（PWS、 IVT（或休息）之间，按随机顺序分为三个会话（每种恢复模式一个）。在 PreT（基线）和 PostT-0、1、2 和 3（后时间间隔分别为 0-4、8-12、16-20、24-28 分钟）检查能量消耗、步态变异性和稳定性。国际教育协会）。通过躯干角度的标准差来评估步态变异性，通过躯干角速度的局部动态稳定性来评估步态稳定性。尽管步态变异性和能量成本增加，但步态稳定性并未受到 IET 的影响。与 IVT 不同，PWS 和 Rest 恢复模式降低了 IET 后的能量成本。步态变异性和能量消耗在 PosT-1 和 PosT-2 恢复，表明恢复到基线分别需要 8-12 分钟和 16-20 分钟的恢复间隔。在步态变异性和能量成本方面，没有发现主动恢复优于被动恢复。