Mechanical systems like the Centre Buffer Couplers, which connect railway coaches, are spring–dashpot mechanisms characterized by presence of dry friction and backlash and are subjected to large dynamic forces. While systems with individual characteristics mentioned above, have been studied by earlier researchers, a system where all of the above physical features are present simultaneously, is analysed in this study. A single degree of freedom system with dry friction, backlash and spring–dashpot element is considered and subjected to harmonic excitation. The response is analysed through displacement, phase-space plots, orbit diagrams and Poincare maps using numerical simulations. Occurrence of bifurcations and chaos for different system parameters is numerically evaluated. The qualitative behaviour of systems with deteriorated conditions of low viscous damping, higher backlash and increased dry friction is established through numerical simulations and comparisons are made with that of a normal system. A transitional value of deteriorated condition is illustrated in terms of the ratio of viscous damping to dry friction, beyond which the response does not remain periodic. Additional verification is done through the Filippov method. Since, two discontinuities, i.e. the dry friction and backlash are simultaneously present in the system, the vector space gets divided into nine subspaces. Various possible transitions of state space trajectory between two adjacent subspaces have been analysed. To the knowledge of authors, such complex planar system with presence of more than one mutually perpendicular line discontinuities which intersect each other, has been analysed in various subspaces for the first time.

连接铁路客车的机械系统，例如中心缓冲联接器，是弹簧-减震器机构，其特征是存在干摩擦和反冲，并承受很大的动力。尽管较早的研究人员已经研究了具有上述个别特征的系统，但在本研究中分析了同时存在上述所有物理特征的系统。具有干摩擦，反冲和弹簧阻尼元件的单自由度系统被考虑并受到谐波激励。使用数值模拟通过位移，相空间图，轨道图和庞加莱图分析响应。对不同系统参数的分叉和混乱的发生进行了数值评估。通过数值模拟建立了具有低粘滞阻尼，较高的反冲力和增加的干摩擦的恶化条件的系统的定性行为，并与正常系统进行了比较。根据粘性阻尼与干摩擦的比率说明了劣化状态的过渡值，超过该比率，响应就不会保持周期性。其他验证通过Filippov方法完成。由于系统中同时存在两个不连续点，即干摩擦和后冲，因此矢量空间被划分为9个子空间。已经分析了两个相邻子空间之间状态空间轨迹的各种可能过渡。据作者所知，