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Visco-hyperelastic swelling and mechanical behavior of tough pH-sensitive hydrogels: Theory development and numerical implementation
International Journal of Engineering Science ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2020.103294
Mohammad Reza Bayat , Kui Wang , Mostafa Baghani

Tough pH-sensitive hydrogels with noncovalent bonds have been developed in recent years as a promising structural material. They are involved in many engineering devices and natural phenomena due to their attractive properties. In this paper, we develop an electro-chemo-mechanical theory for swelling and mechanical behavior of tough pH-sensitive hydrogels. Due to its large deformation and time-dependent properties, we treat the hydrogel as a single-phase incompressible visco-hyperelastic material. We employ the Nernst-Planck equation to capture the flux of the ionic species through hydrogel boundaries. In this work, we are focused on the macro-size pH-sensitive hydrogels. Due to the Debye length, we assume the electro-neutrality condition both inside and outside of the hydrogel. Therefore, to find the concentration of co-ions and counter-ions inside the hydrogel, we use the Donnan equilibrium. We utilize the Generalized Maxwell model along with the Yeoh strain energy function to characterize the visco-hyperelastic behavior of the hydrogel. Hydrogel swells mainly due to the osmotic pressure. In this theory, we relate the osmotic pressure to the swelling ratio and apply the swelling ratio as a constraint in the strain energy function. After presenting the theory, we implement the theory in a nonlinear finite element framework for simulation. Our proposed theory can capture the transient dual swelling response of the hydrogel in various pH values as well as the time-dependent and self-healing behavior of the hydrogel.



中文翻译:

坚韧的pH敏感水凝胶的粘超弹性膨胀和力学行为:理论发展和数值实现

近年来,具有非共价键的坚韧的pH敏感水凝胶已成为有前途的结构材料。由于它们具有吸引力的特性,它们涉及许多工程设备和自然现象。在本文中,我们开发了一种电化学化学理论来解决坚硬的pH敏感水凝胶的溶胀和机械行为。由于其较大的变形和随时间变化的特性,我们将水凝胶视为单相不可压缩的粘超弹性材料。我们采用能斯特-普朗克方程来捕获通过水凝胶边界的离子种类的通量。在这项工作中,我们专注于对pH敏感的大型水凝胶。由于德拜长度,我们假设水凝胶内部和外部都处于电中性状态。因此,为了找到水凝胶中共离子和抗衡离子的浓度,我们使用了Donnan平衡。我们利用广义麦克斯韦模型以及Yeoh应变能函数来表征水凝胶的粘超弹性行为。水凝胶膨胀主要是由于渗透压。在该理论中,我们将渗透压与溶胀率相关,并将溶胀率作为应变能函数的约束条件。在介绍了该理论之后,我们在非线性有限元框架中对该理论进行了仿真。我们提出的理论可以捕获水凝胶在各种pH值下的瞬时双重溶胀反应以及水凝胶的时间依赖性和自愈行为。我们利用广义麦克斯韦模型以及Yeoh应变能函数来表征水凝胶的粘超弹性行为。水凝胶膨胀主要是由于渗透压。在该理论中,我们将渗透压与溶胀率相关,并将溶胀率作为应变能函数的约束条件。在介绍了该理论之后,我们在非线性有限元框架中对该理论进行了仿真。我们提出的理论可以捕获水凝胶在各种pH值下的瞬时双重溶胀反应以及水凝胶的时间依赖性和自愈行为。我们利用广义麦克斯韦模型以及Yeoh应变能函数来表征水凝胶的粘超弹性行为。水凝胶膨胀主要是由于渗透压。在该理论中,我们将渗透压与溶胀率相关,并将溶胀率作为应变能函数的约束条件。在介绍了该理论之后,我们在非线性有限元框架中对该理论进行了仿真。我们提出的理论可以捕获水凝胶在各种pH值下的瞬时双重溶胀反应以及水凝胶的时间依赖性和自愈行为。我们将渗透压与溶胀率相关联,并将溶胀率作为应变能函数的约束条件。在介绍了该理论之后,我们在非线性有限元框架中对该理论进行了仿真。我们提出的理论可以捕获水凝胶在各种pH值下的瞬时双重溶胀反应以及水凝胶的时间依赖性和自愈行为。我们将渗透压与溶胀率相关联,并将溶胀率作为应变能函数的约束条件。在介绍了该理论之后,我们在非线性有限元框架中对该理论进行了仿真。我们提出的理论可以捕获水凝胶在各种pH值下的瞬时双重溶胀反应以及水凝胶的时间依赖性和自愈行为。

更新日期:2020-05-11
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