Every year man-made and natural disasters impact the lives of millions of people. The frequency of occurrence of such disasters is steadily increasing since the last 50 years, and this has resulted in considerable loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and social and economic disruption. A focussed and comprehensive solution is needed encompassing all aspects, including early detection of disaster scenarios, prevention, recovery, and management to minimize the losses. This survey paper presents a critical analysis of the existing methods and technologies that are relevant to a disaster scenario, such as WSN, remote sensing technique, artificial intelligence, IoT, UAV, and satellite imagery, to encounter the issues associated with disaster monitoring, detection, and management. In case of emergency conditions arising out of a typical disaster scenario, there is a strong likelihood that the communication networks will be partially disrupted; thus the alternate networks can play a vital role in disaster detection and management. It focuses on the role of the alternate networks and the associated technologies in maintaining connectivity in various disaster scenarios. It presents a comprehensive study on multiple disasters such as landslide, forest fire, and an earthquake based on the latest technologies to monitor, detect, and manage the various disasters. It focuses on several parameters that are necessary for disaster detection and monitoring and offers appropriate solutions. It also touches upon big data analytics for disaster management. Several techniques are explored, along with their merits and demerits. Open challenges are highlighted, and possible future directions are given.

每年人为和自然灾害都会影响数百万人的生活。自最近50年以来，此类灾难的发生频率一直在稳定增长，这造成了相当大的生命损失，基础设施遭到破坏以及社会和经济受到破坏。需要一个集中且全面的解决方案，涵盖所有方面，包括及早发现灾难场景，进行预防，恢复和管理以最大程度地减少损失。本调查报告对与灾难场景相关的现有方法和技术（例如WSN，遥感技术，人工智能，物联网，无人机和卫星图像）进行了批判性分析，以应对与灾难监视，检测相关的问题和管理。如果在典型的灾难情况下出现紧急情况，则很可能会部分破坏通信网络。因此，备用网络可以在灾难检测和管理中发挥至关重要的作用。它着重介绍了备用网络和相关技术在各种灾难情况下保持连接性方面的作用。它基于监视，检测和管理各种灾害的最新技术，对滑坡，森林火灾和地震等多种灾害进行了全面的研究。它着重介绍了灾难检测和监视所必需的几个参数，并提供了适当的解决方案。它还涉及用于灾难管理的大数据分析。探索了几种技术，以及它们的优缺点。