Background and aims

The importance of personality characteristics in the diagnosis and treatment of gambling disorder (GD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often highlighted in scientific literature. This study aimed to test predictions about the associations of temperament and character in chronic AUD patients with comorbid GD symptoms and without them.

Methods

Chronic AUD patients enrolled from an inpatient clinic were divided in two groups based on cluster analysis, AUD patients with (AUD + GD group: n = 30) and without (AUD group: n = 68) GD symptoms. Severity of GD symptoms and personality dimensions (Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory Revised, TCI-R) were assessed. Associations of tested variables were analysed with analysis of covariance, one-sample and independent sample t-tests.

Results

GD symptoms proved to be a clustering factor in terms of personality, where AUD + GD group expressed a more maladaptive personality profile. Compared to Hungarian normative TCI-R scores, both patient groups showed elevated levels of Harm Avoidance and Novelty Seeking with lower scores of Self-directedness, while the AUD + GD group scored lower on Persistence and Cooperation as well. The AUD + GD group reported significantly higher levels of Harm Avoidance, with lower scores of Reward Dependence compared to the AUD group.

Discussion

Comorbid GD symptom severity is an important factor in chronic AUD, where AUD patients with comorbid GD symptoms exhibited a more maladaptive personality constellation than singular AUD patients. These emphasize the need of special attention for comorbid GD symptoms in AUD, since treatment recommendations and prognosis for them may also differ.

中文翻译：

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慢性酒精依赖症患者合并赌博障碍症状的人格特征。

背景和目标

科学文献中经常强调人格特征在赌博疾病（GD）和酒精滥用疾病（AUD）的诊断和治疗中的重要性。这项研究的目的是检验患有并发GD症状且没有GD症状的慢性AUD患者的气质和性格相关性预测。

方法

根据聚类分析，将来自住院门诊的慢性AUD患者分为两组，其中有（AUD + GD组：n  = 30）和没有（AUD组：n  = 68）GD症状的AUD患者。评估GD症状的严重程度和人格维度（Cloninger的气质和性格量表修订版，TCI-R）。通过协方差分析，一样本和独立样本t检验来分析测试变量的关联。

结果

在人格方面，GD症状被证明是一个聚集因素，其中AUD + GD组表现出更加适应不良的人格特征。与匈牙利规范性TCI-R得分相比，两个患者组均显示出较高的避害和寻求新颖性水平，而自我指导得分较低，而AUD + GD组在坚持与合作方面的得分也较低。与AUD组相比，AUD + GD组报告的避害水平显着更高，而奖励依赖性得分较低。

讨论区

合并症GD症状严重程度是慢性AUD的重要因素，其中合并GD症状的AUD患者比单一的AUD患者表现出更适应不良的人格。这些强调需要特别注意AUD合并症的GD症状，因为它们的治疗建议和预后也可能不同。