Evacuation models can adopt different approaches for the simulation of human behaviour in fire. This paper provides an overview of the most commonly used modelling methods to represent the evacuation process in a fire scenario. This is presented through a structure matching the engineering time-line model of evacuation. The evacuation model development process is discussed considering both data-driven empirical correlations as well as theory-based modelling approaches. Examples of alternative methods to the currently used evacuation modelling assumptions are also presented. These methods have been chosen to provide examples of cases in which revisions of well-established assumptions may be needed. This review mainly focuses on buildings and pedestrian evacuation scenarios. Nevertheless, many concepts presented are potentially applicable to traffic evacuation. Particular attention is given to the representation of the impact of smoke on the evacuation process, as this is an important issue for fire safety engineering. Finally, a discussion on existing methods and procedures for the verification and validation of evacuation models is presented and the need for their standardization is advocated.

中文翻译：

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开发和验证消防安全工程疏散模型

疏散模型可以采用不同的方法来模拟火灾中的人类行为。本文概述了最常用的建模方法，以表示火灾场景中的疏散过程。这是通过与疏散工程时间线模型匹配的结构来呈现的。考虑到数据驱动的经验相关性以及基于理论的建模方法，讨论了疏散模型开发过程。还介绍了当前使用的疏散建模假设的替代方法示例。选择这些方法是为了提供可能需要修改完善假设的案例示例。本次审查主要侧重于建筑物和行人疏散场景。尽管如此，提出的许多概念可能适用于交通疏散。特别注意烟雾对疏散过程的影响的表现，因为这是消防安全工程的一个重要问题。最后，讨论了用于验证和验证疏散模型的现有方法和程序，并提倡对其标准化的必要性。