Introduction

There are few atopic dermatitis (AD) incidence cohort studies in young adults, the etiology of this disease remains obscure, and AD risk factors in adults are not well understood. The objective of this study was to estimate AD ten-year incidence and prevalence in a cohort of adolescent aged 14–16 at inception in Castellon province in Valencia Region, Spain and describe related risk factors.

Material and methods

From 2002 to 2012, a population-based prospective cohort study was carried out. Questionnaires from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) were used with an additional questionnaire for related factors completed by participants and their parents, respectively, in 2002. In 2012 the same questionnaires were completed by the participants’ through a telephone interview, and incidence and prevalence of AD were estimated. Directed acyclic graphs, Poisson regression and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment were used.

Results

The participation rate was 79.5% (1435/1805) with AD lifetime prevalence of 34.9% and AD incidence of 13.5 per 1000 person years. Females presented higher prevalence and incidence than males. After adjustment significant risk factors were being female, history of asthma or allergic rhinitis, family history of AD, history of respiratory infections, history of bronchitis, history of pneumonia, history of sinusitis, and birthplace outside Castellon province. The highest AD population attributable risks were female, 30.3%, and history of respiratory infections 15.3%. Differences with AD childhood risk factors were found.

Conclusions

AD incidence in our cohort was high and several risks factors were related to AD.

中文翻译：

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Castellon（西班牙）年轻人特应性皮炎的发病率和危险因素：一项前瞻性队列研究。

介绍

在年轻人中很少有特应性皮炎 (AD) 发病率队列研究，这种疾病的病因仍然不明确，成人的 AD 危险因素尚不清楚。本研究的目的是估计西班牙巴伦西亚地区卡斯特利翁省 14-16 岁青少年队列中 AD 十年的发病率和患病率，并描述相关的危险因素。

材料与方法

2002 年至 2012 年开展了一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究。使用国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究 (ISAAC) 的问卷，并在 2002 年分别由参与者及其父母完成了有关相关因素的额外问卷。 2012 年，参与者通过电话采访完成了相同的问卷，并估计了 AD 的发病率和患病率。使用了有向无环图、泊松回归和逆概率加权回归调整。

结果

参与率为 79.5% (1435/1805)，AD 终生患病率为 34.9%，AD 发病率为 13.5/1000 人年。女性的患病率和发病率高于男性。调整后的重要危险因素为女性、哮喘或过敏性鼻炎史、AD家族史、呼吸道感染史、支气管炎史、肺炎史、鼻窦炎史和出生地在卡斯特利翁省以外。AD 人群归因风险最高的是女性，占 30.3%，呼吸道感染史占 15.3%。发现了与 AD 儿童期危险因素的差异。

结论

我们队列中的 AD 发生率很高，并且有几个风险因素与 AD 相关。