Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ), with a dwindling population size, are distributed across sub-Saharan Africa. They are classified into two biogeographical clusters comprising of four subspecies: a western African cluster that includes P. t. verus and P. t. ellioti and a central/eastern African cluster that includes P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii . While the genetic distinctness of Nigeria-Cameroonian chimpanzees ( P. t. ellioti ) from western chimpanzees has been known for a while, the fine structures within P. t. ellioti population has remained under-studied. In this study, we developed the first ever ancestry informative marker (AIMs) panel that can detect the fine population structure within Nigeria-Cameroonian chimpanzees with high resolution. We compared four commonly used AIMs-determining strategies, namely Infocalc algorithm, Wright’s F ST , smart principal component analysis (SmartPCA) and ADMIXTURE to first identify the best approach and then developed an AIMs panel of 435 SNPs employing the consensus of the four approaches ( n = 129), with additional supplements from the best two approaches (Infocalc and ADMIXTURE). To the best of our knowledge, we have developed the first-ever AIMs panel for chimpanzees, which can greatly aid in their planned reintroduction to the natural habitat, maintaining their genetic integrity through planned captive breeding, and in tracking illegal trading across the globe.

中文翻译：

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为尼日利亚-喀麦隆黑猩猩开发祖先信息标记面板

黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的种群数量不断减少，分布在撒哈拉以南非洲。它们被分为两个生物地理集群，包括四个亚种：一个包括 P. t. verus 和 P. t. ellioti 和一个中/东非集群，包括 P. t. troglodytes 和 P. t. schweinfurthii . 虽然尼日利亚-喀麦隆黑猩猩（ P. t. ellioti ）与西部黑猩猩的遗传差异已经为人所知，但 P. t. ellioti 内部的精细结构却是众所周知的。ellioti 人口的研究仍然不足。在这项研究中，我们开发了第一个祖先信息标记 (AIM) 面板，可以高分辨率检测尼日利亚-喀麦隆黑猩猩的精细种群结构。我们比较了四种常用的 AIM 确定策略，即 Infocalc 算法，Wright 的 F ST、智能主成分分析 (SmartPCA) 和 ADMIXTURE 首先确定最佳方法，然后使用四种方法的共识（n = 129）开发了一个由 435 个 SNP 组成的 AIM 面板，以及来自最佳两种方法的额外补充（ Infocalc 和 ADMIXTURE）。据我们所知，我们已经为黑猩猩开发了第一个 AIM 面板，这可以极大地帮助它们计划重新引入自然栖息地，通过计划的圈养繁殖保持其遗传完整性，并在全球范围内跟踪非法交易。最好的两种方法（Infocalc 和 ADMIXTURE）的额外补充。据我们所知，我们已经为黑猩猩开发了第一个 AIM 面板，这可以极大地帮助它们计划重新引入自然栖息地，通过计划的圈养繁殖保持其遗传完整性，并在全球范围内跟踪非法交易。最好的两种方法（Infocalc 和 ADMIXTURE）的额外补充。据我们所知，我们已经为黑猩猩开发了第一个 AIM 面板，这可以极大地帮助它们计划重新引入自然栖息地，通过计划的圈养繁殖保持其遗传完整性，并在全球范围内跟踪非法交易。