A series of six, large-scale tests were performed at the Eglin Air Force Base blastpad facility to serve as a validation benchmark for the explosive dispersal of particles. The series contained two baseline tests, one tungsten liner test, and three steel liner tests. Careful emphasis was placed on design of the experiments to allow ease of simulation, uncertainty quantification of experimental inputs, and extraction of prediction metrics. Design decisions, such as using a casing that is negligible to the flow, serve to greatly reduce the computational effort to perform validation. Attention is also paid to quantifying uncertainty in experimental inputs such as explosive density, particle size distribution, particle density, volume fraction, and ambient conditions. For each test, data were collected from four high-speed cameras, 54 inground pressure transducers, and eight unconfined momentum traps. From these diagnostics, prediction metrics are extracted measuring the shock time of arrival, peak pressure, impulse per unit area, and the contact/particle front position. The high-speed video shows significant differences between the steel and tungsten liners. The tungsten particles were incandescent as they dispersed and concentrated in a bright, dense band followed by alternating bright and dark striations. There was little to no incandescence in the dispersed steel particles. The steel liner tests exhibited instabilities with fine fingers racing ahead of the front. The instabilities, however, were so numerous that they are not easily distinguishable from each other, preventing their characterization.

中文翻译：

---

模拟驱动的实验设计，检查粒子的大规模爆炸性扩散

在埃格林空军基地爆炸垫设施进行了一系列六项大规模测试，以作为粒子爆炸扩散的验证基准。该系列包含两项基线测试、一项钨衬里测试和三项钢衬里测试。仔细强调了实验的设计，以简化模拟、实验输入的不确定性量化和预测指标的提取。设计决策，例如使用对流量可忽略不计的套管，可大大减少执行验证的计算工作量。还注意量化实验输入的不确定性，例如爆炸密度、粒度分布、颗粒密度、体积分数和环境条件。对于每次测试，数据都是从四台高速摄像机收集的，54 个地下压力传感器和 8 个无侧限动量陷阱。从这些诊断中，提取测量冲击到达时间、峰值压力、每单位面积的脉冲和接触/粒子前沿位置的预测指标。高速视频显示钢衬板和钨衬板之间存在显着差异。钨粒子呈白炽状，因为它们分散并集中在一个明亮、致密的带中，然后是交替的明暗条纹。在分散的钢颗粒中几乎没有白炽度。钢衬里测试表现出不稳定，细手指在前面跑动。然而，不稳定性如此之多，以至于它们不容易相互区分，从而阻止了它们的表征。提取预测指标，测量冲击到达时间、峰值压力、每单位面积的脉冲和接触/粒子前沿位置。高速视频显示钢衬板和钨衬板之间存在显着差异。钨粒子呈白炽状，因为它们分散并集中在一个明亮、致密的带中，然后是交替的明暗条纹。在分散的钢颗粒中几乎没有白炽度。钢衬里测试表现出不稳定，细手指在前面跑动。然而，不稳定性如此之多，以至于它们不容易相互区分，从而阻止了它们的表征。提取预测指标，测量冲击到达时间、峰值压力、每单位面积的脉冲和接触/粒子前沿位置。高速视频显示钢衬板和钨衬板之间存在显着差异。钨粒子呈白炽状，因为它们分散并集中在一个明亮、致密的带中，然后是交替的明暗条纹。在分散的钢颗粒中几乎没有白炽度。钢衬里测试表现出不稳定，细手指在前面跑动。然而，不稳定性如此之多，以至于它们不容易相互区分，从而阻止了它们的表征。高速视频显示钢衬板和钨衬板之间存在显着差异。钨粒子呈白炽状，因为它们分散并集中在一个明亮、致密的带中，然后是交替的明暗条纹。在分散的钢颗粒中几乎没有白炽度。钢衬里测试表现出不稳定，细手指在前面跑动。然而，不稳定性如此之多，以至于它们不容易相互区分，从而阻止了它们的表征。高速视频显示钢衬板和钨衬板之间存在显着差异。钨粒子呈白炽状，因为它们分散并集中在一个明亮、致密的带中，然后是交替的明暗条纹。在分散的钢颗粒中几乎没有白炽度。钢衬里测试表现出不稳定，细手指在前面跑动。然而，不稳定性如此之多，以至于它们不容易相互区分，从而阻止了它们的表征。钢衬里测试表现出不稳定性，细手指在前面跑动。然而，不稳定性如此之多，以至于它们不容易相互区分，从而阻止了它们的表征。钢衬里测试表现出不稳定，细手指在前面跑动。然而，不稳定性如此之多，以至于它们不容易相互区分，从而阻止了它们的表征。