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Radar characteristics of summer thunderstorms in the Kanto Plain of Japan with and without cloud-to-ground lightning
Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s00703-020-00748-z
Syugo Hayashi , Chizuru Nakaike , Fumiaki Fujibe

The elucidation of characteristics of cumulonimbus clouds that cause lightning is important for predicting thunderstorm development. These characteristics, with and without lightning, were observed during a day (in 2010) of severe thunderstorms and lightning in Japan and statistically analyzed using radar observations with cell tracking. Observed cells were categorized into a cell including cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and intra-cloud lightning (CGIC), a cell containing only intra-cloud lightning (IC), and a cell without lightning (NoL). These cells were compared to the average and temporal evolution of radar observations. Out of the 265 cells generated, 103 were CGIC cells, 30 were IC cells, and 132 were NoL cells. Significant differences were detected between the averaged values of lifetime, size, echo top, vertically integrated liquid (VIL), maximum radar reflectivity, and radar reflectivity of each cell category, when the − 10 °C isotherm height was considered. The temporal evolution of CGIC cell characteristics revealed changes in radar reflectivity at 0 °C and − 10 °C that were synchronized with lightning activity. The VIL value was elevated only for CGIC cells and had the tendency to decrease with time as lightning activity. CGIC cells produced the highest echo top and maintained their height during their lifetime. To predict CG within 20 min using 35 dBZ radar reflectivity at − 30 °C as the criterion, a critical success index (CSI) of 0.82 and false alarm rate (FAR) of 0.64 were found to have the best prediction scores.

中文翻译:

日本关东平原夏季雷暴有无云对地闪电的雷达特征

阐明引起闪电的积雨云的特征对于预测雷暴的发展很重要。这些特征(有闪电和无闪电)是在日本一天(2010 年)严重的雷暴和闪电期间观察到的,并使用带有细胞跟踪的雷达观测进行统计分析。观察到的小区分为包括云对地闪电(CG)和云内闪电(CGIC)的小区、仅包含云内闪电(IC)的小区和没有闪电的小区(NoL)。将这些单元与雷达观测的平均和时间演变进行了比较。在产生的 265 个细胞中,103 个是 CGIC 细胞,30 个是 IC 细胞,132 个是 NoL 细胞。在寿命、尺寸、回波顶部、垂直积分液体(VIL)的平均值之间检测到显着差异,考虑 - 10 °C 等温线高度时的最大雷达反射率和每个小区类别的雷达反射率。CGIC 单元特性的时间演变揭示了雷达反射率在 0°C 和 -10°C 时与闪电活动同步的变化。仅 CGIC 电池的 VIL 值升高,并且随着闪电活动的进行,有随时间降低的趋势。CGIC 细胞产生最高的回波顶部并在其生命周期内保持其高度。为了使用 - 30 °C 下的 35 dBZ 雷达反射率作为标准,在 20 分钟内预测 CG,发现临界成功指数 (CSI) 为 0.82,误报率 (FAR) 为 0.64,具有最佳预测分数。CGIC 单元特性的时间演变揭示了雷达反射率在 0°C 和 -10°C 时与闪电活动同步的变化。仅 CGIC 电池的 VIL 值升高,并且随着闪电活动的进行,有随时间降低的趋势。CGIC 细胞产生最高的回波顶部并在其生命周期内保持其高度。为了使用 - 30 °C 下的 35 dBZ 雷达反射率作为标准,在 20 分钟内预测 CG,发现临界成功指数 (CSI) 为 0.82,误报率 (FAR) 为 0.64,具有最佳预测分数。CGIC 单元特性的时间演变揭示了雷达反射率在 0°C 和 -10°C 时与闪电活动同步的变化。仅 CGIC 电池的 VIL 值升高,并且随着闪电活动的进行,有随时间降低的趋势。CGIC 细胞产生最高的回波顶部并在其生命周期内保持其高度。为了使用 - 30 °C 下的 35 dBZ 雷达反射率作为标准,在 20 分钟内预测 CG,发现临界成功指数 (CSI) 为 0.82,误报率 (FAR) 为 0.64,具有最佳预测分数。CGIC 细胞产生最高的回波顶部并在其生命周期内保持其高度。为了使用 - 30 °C 下的 35 dBZ 雷达反射率作为标准,在 20 分钟内预测 CG,发现临界成功指数 (CSI) 为 0.82,误报率 (FAR) 为 0.64,具有最佳预测分数。CGIC 细胞产生最高的回波顶部并在其生命周期内保持其高度。为了使用 - 30 °C 下的 35 dBZ 雷达反射率作为标准,在 20 分钟内预测 CG,发现临界成功指数 (CSI) 为 0.82,误报率 (FAR) 为 0.64,具有最佳预测分数。
更新日期:2020-05-11
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