BACKGROUND The PreImplantation Factor (PIF)-a peptide secreted by viable embryos-exerts autotrophic protective effects, promotes endometrial receptivity and controls trophoblast invasion. Synthetic PIF (sPIF) has both immune-protective and regenerative properties, and reduces oxidative stress and protein misfolding. PIF is detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in hyperplastic endometriotic lesions and advanced uterine cancer. sPIF reduces graft-versus-host disease while maintaining a graft-versus-leukemia effect. METHODS PIF detection in prostate cancer was assessed in 50 human prostate samples following radical prostatectomy using tumor-microarray-based IHC correlating PIF immune staining with Gleason score (GS) and cancer aggressiveness. RESULTS PIF was detected in moderate-to-high risk prostate cancer (GS 4+3 and beyond, prognostic groups 3 to 5). In prostate cancer (GS (WHO Grade Group (GG)5), PIF was detected in 50% of cases; in prostate cancer (GS 4+4 GG4), PIF was observed in 62.5% of cases; in prostate cancer (GS 4+3 GG3), PIF immunostaining was observed in 57.1% of cases. In prostate cancer, (GS 3+4 GG2) and (GS 3+3 GG1) cases where PIF staining was negative to weak, membranous staining was observed in 20% of cases (staining pattern considered negative). High-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia PIF positive stain in 28.57% of cases (6 of 21) was observed. In contrast, PIF was not detected in normal prostate glands. Importantly, sPIF added to the PC3 cell line alone or combined with prostate cancer fibroblast feeder-cells did not affect proliferation. Only when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were added to the culture, a minor increase in cell proliferation was noted, reflecting local proliferation control. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, PIF assessment could be a valuable, simple-to-use immunohistochemical biomarker to evaluate aggressiveness/prognosis in specimens from prostate cancer patients.

中文翻译：

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植入前因子免疫组化表达与前列腺癌侵袭性相关。

背景植入前因子(PIF)——一种由活胚胎分泌的肽——发挥自养保护作用，促进子宫内膜容受性并控制滋养层的侵袭。合成 PIF (sPIF) 具有免疫保护和再生特性，可减少氧化应激和蛋白质错误折叠。在增生性子宫内膜异位病变和晚期子宫癌中通过免疫组织化学 (IHC) 检测 PIF。sPIF 可减少移植物抗宿主病，同时保持移植物抗白血病效应。方法 使用基于肿瘤微阵列的 IHC 将 PIF 免疫染色与 Gleason 评分 (GS) 和癌症侵袭性相关联，在 50 个人前列腺切除术后评估前列腺癌中的 PIF 检测。结果 在中高危前列腺癌（GS 4+3 及以上，预后组 3 至 5)。在前列腺癌 (GS (WHO Grade Group (GG)5) 中，50% 的病例检出 PIF；在前列腺癌 (GS 4+4 GG4) 中，62.5% 的病例检出 PIF；在前列腺癌 (GS 4 +3 GG3), 57.1% 的病例出现 PIF 免疫染色。在前列腺癌中, (GS 3+4 GG2) 和 (GS 3+3 GG1) 的 PIF 染色呈阴性至弱的情况下, 20% 观察到膜染色例（染色模式被认为是阴性）。在 28.57% 的病例（21 例中的 6 例）中观察到高级前列腺上皮内瘤变 PIF 阳性染色。相反，在正常前列腺中未检测到 PIF。重要的是，将 sPIF 添加到 PC3细胞系单独或与前列腺癌成纤维细胞饲养细胞组合不影响增殖。只有在培养物中加入外周血单个核细胞时，注意到细胞增殖的轻微增加，反映了局部增殖控制。结论 总的来说，PIF 评估可能是一种有价值的、易于使用的免疫组织化学生物标志物，用于评估前列腺癌患者标本的侵袭性/预后。