Cities are fully functioning ecosystems and are home to no-analogue communities of species that interact with each other and which are subject to novel urban stressors. As such, biodiversity can evolve in response to these new urban conditions, making urban species a moving target for conservation and management efforts. An evolving urban biodiversity necessitates integrating evolutionary insights into management for these efforts to be successful in a dynamic urban milieu. Here we present a framework for categorizing urban biodiversity from a management perspective. We then discuss a suite of example management tools and their potential evolutionary implications-both their opportunities for and potential consequence to management. Urban ecosystems are proliferating but, far from being ecological lost causes, they may provide unique insights and opportunities for biodiversity conservation. Determining how to achieve urban biodiversity priorities while managing pest species requires evolutionary thinking.

中文翻译：

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使用进化工具进行城市生物多样性管理。

城市是功能完善的生态系统，并且是相互之间无相互作用的物种的共同居住地，并受到新的城市压力因素的影响。因此，生物多样性可以根据这些新的城市条件而发展，使城市物种成为保护和管理工作的目标。不断发展的城市生物多样性需要将进化的见解整合到管理中，才能使这些努力在动态的城市环境中取得成功。在这里，我们提出了一个从管理角度对城市生物多样性进行分类的框架。然后，我们讨论了一组示例管理工具及其潜在的进化含义-它们对管理的机会和潜在的后果。城市生态系统正在激增，但远不是造成生态损失的原因，它们可以为生物多样性保护提供独特的见识和机会。确定如何在管理害虫物种的同时实现城市生物多样性优先事项需要进行进化思考。