Titanium (Ti) and Ti‐based alloys are widely used in the manufacture of dental and orthopedic implants. However, how to improve their osteogenic differentiation ability is still a key issue to be resolved. In this study, gradient nanostructured surface (GNS) samples were prepared by surface mechanical grinding treatment, and coarse‐grained (CG) samples were obtained by recrystallization annealing, making sure that the two kinds of specimens had similar roughness. Then, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were cocultured with the two kinds of Ti to investigate the material effects on the cellular functions. The results demonstrated that the grains with size ~56 nm were formed on the surface of the GNS Ti, and the grain size gradually increases from the sample surface to interior. Compared to the CG samples, the GNS ones could make the adhesion effect of the hAMSCs better, and promote the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation more significantly, the preliminary mechanism of which might be due to their specific nanostructure, the thicker oxide layer formed on their surface and the enhanced hardness. Our results indicated that the gradient nanostructured Ti materials could enhance both osteogenic differentiation and mechanical properties, which may possess broader applications in bone tissue engineering and clinical implanting.

中文翻译：

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改善人羊膜间充质干细胞在梯度纳米结构 Ti 表面上的成骨分化。

钛 (Ti) 和钛基合金广泛用于制造牙科和骨科植入物。然而，如何提高它们的成骨分化能力仍然是一个亟待解决的关键问题。本研究通过表面机械研磨处理制备梯度纳米结构表面（GNS）样品，再结晶退火获得粗晶（CG）样品，确保两种样品具有相似的粗糙度。然后，将人羊膜间充质干细胞 (hAMSCs) 与两种 Ti 共培养以研究材料对细胞功能的影响。结果表明，GNS Ti 表面形成了~56 nm 的晶粒，并且晶粒尺寸从样品表面向内部逐渐增大。与CG样本相比，GNS可以使hAMSCs的粘附效果更好，促进细胞增殖和成骨分化更显着，其初步机制可能是由于其特定的纳米结构，其表面形成的更厚的氧化层和增强的硬度。我们的结果表明，梯度纳米结构的 Ti 材料可以增强成骨分化和机械性能，这可能在骨组织工程和临床植入中具有更广泛的应用。