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Enhanced seed defenses potentially relax selection by seed predators against serotiny in lodgepole pine.
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-09 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6339 Anna L Parker 1, 2 , Craig W Benkman 1
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-09 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6339 Anna L Parker 1, 2 , Craig W Benkman 1
Affiliation
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Serotiny, the retention of seeds in a canopy seed bank until high temperatures cause seeds to be released, is an important life history trait for many woody plants in fire‐prone habitats. Serotiny provides a competitive advantage after fire but increases vulnerability to predispersal seed predation, due to the seeds being retained in clusters in predictable locations for extended periods. This creates opposing selection pressures. Serotiny is favored in areas of high fire frequency, but is selected against by predispersal seed predators. However, predation also selects for cone traits associated with seed defense that could reduce predation on serotinous cones and thereby relax selection against serotiny. This helps explain the elevated defenses in highly serotinous species. However, whether such interactions drive variation in seed defenses within variably serotinous populations has been studied rarely. We investigated the effects of phenotypic selection exerted by red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) predation on Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta latifolia ) seeds. Squirrels preferentially harvested cones with more and larger seeds, indicating a preference for a higher food reward. We found evidence for stronger selection on trees with serotinous cones, which presumably accounts for the elevated defenses of and lower predation on serotinous compared to non‐serotinous cones. Lower levels of predation on serotinous cones in turn lessen selection against serotiny by squirrels. This has important implications because the frequency of serotiny in lodgepole pine has profound consequences for post‐fire communities and ecosystems widespread in the Rocky Mountains.
中文翻译：
增强的种子防御可能会放松种子捕食者对黑松血清素的选择。
Serotiny，即种子保留在冠层种子库中直到高温导致种子释放的过程，是易燃生境中许多木本植物的重要生活史特征。 Serotiny 在火灾后提供了竞争优势，但增加了传播前种子捕食的脆弱性，因为种子会长时间保留在可预测位置的簇中。这会产生相反的选择压力。血清性在火灾频率高的地区受到青睐，但会受到预传播种子捕食者的选择。然而，捕食也会选择与种子防御相关的锥体特征，这可以减少对血清锥体的捕食，从而放松对血清锥体的选择。这有助于解释高血清素物种的防御能力增强。然而，这种相互作用是否会导致不同血清群体内种子防御的变化却很少被研究。我们研究了红松鼠 ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) 捕食落基山黑松 ( Pinus contorta latifolia ) 种子所产生的表型选择的影响。松鼠优先收获带有更多和更大种子的球果，表明它们偏好更高的食物奖励。我们发现了对具有浆液锥的树木进行更强选择的证据，这可能解释了与非浆液锥相比，浆液锥的防御力提高和捕食性较低的原因。对血清锥体的捕食水平较低，反过来又减少了松鼠对血清锥体的选择。这具有重要意义，因为黑松中血清素的频率对落基山脉广泛分布的火灾后群落和生态系统具有深远的影响。
更新日期：2020-06-26
中文翻译：
增强的种子防御可能会放松种子捕食者对黑松血清素的选择。
Serotiny，即种子保留在冠层种子库中直到高温导致种子释放的过程，是易燃生境中许多木本植物的重要生活史特征。 Serotiny 在火灾后提供了竞争优势，但增加了传播前种子捕食的脆弱性，因为种子会长时间保留在可预测位置的簇中。这会产生相反的选择压力。血清性在火灾频率高的地区受到青睐，但会受到预传播种子捕食者的选择。然而，捕食也会选择与种子防御相关的锥体特征，这可以减少对血清锥体的捕食，从而放松对血清锥体的选择。这有助于解释高血清素物种的防御能力增强。然而，这种相互作用是否会导致不同血清群体内种子防御的变化却很少被研究。我们研究了红松鼠 ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) 捕食落基山黑松 ( Pinus contorta latifolia ) 种子所产生的表型选择的影响。松鼠优先收获带有更多和更大种子的球果，表明它们偏好更高的食物奖励。我们发现了对具有浆液锥的树木进行更强选择的证据，这可能解释了与非浆液锥相比，浆液锥的防御力提高和捕食性较低的原因。对血清锥体的捕食水平较低，反过来又减少了松鼠对血清锥体的选择。这具有重要意义，因为黑松中血清素的频率对落基山脉广泛分布的火灾后群落和生态系统具有深远的影响。
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