Abstract

The environmental problems caused by industrial residues and petroleum-based packaging must be addressed, and alternative biodegradable solutions sought. This study investigated the potential application of an industrial byproduct, the fruits of Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate, YM) polyphenol extracts in the production of environment-friendly and bioactive cornstarch films. Thus, optimized extracts of YM fruits at three different maturity stages (ripe, mid-ripe, unripe) were incorporated into cornstarch filmogenic solutions. Polyphenol extracts were obtained from commercial dried and toasted yerba mate leaves and then incorporated into the filmogenic solutions for comparison. The physicochemical (moisture, thickness, solubility, water vapor permeability, light transmission, opacity, color), structural (crystallinity, surface), mechanical (tensile strength, elongation at break), and thermal (glass transition, melting temperature) properties, in addition to bioactive compounds (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP scavenging) of the films were assessed. Results revealed that YM fruit extracts act as plasticizers, particularly those from ripe fruits. The structural, mechanical, and thermal properties demonstrated that biodegradable, bioactive, strong, flexible, and thermally resistant films can be produced from cornstarch impregnated with YM extracts. The physicochemical properties suggested that the YM fruits-cornstarch films may be applied to maintain freshness of products and to prevent light-triggered oxidative deterioration. Additionally, YM fruit extracts were effective in enhancing the antioxidant properties of cornstarch films, proving that this byproduct has the potential for the development of eco-friendly packaging materials.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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巴拉圭冬青树废弃物在改善可降解玉米淀粉薄膜的机械，热学和生物活性方面的可持续利用

摘要

必须解决由工业残留物和石油基包装引起的环境问题，并寻求其他可生物降解的解决方案。这项研究调查了工业副产品潜在的应用，巴拉圭冬青（Yerba mate，YM）多酚提取物用于生产环保和生物活性玉米淀粉薄膜。因此，将三个不同成熟阶段（成熟，成熟，成熟）的YM果实的优化提取物掺入玉米淀粉成膜溶液中。从商业干燥和烤制的马黛茶叶片中获得多酚提取物，然后将其掺入成膜溶液中进行比较。物理化学特性（水分，厚度，溶解度，水蒸气渗透性，透光率，不透明性，颜色），结构（结晶度，表面），机械（拉伸强度，断裂伸长率）和热（玻璃化转变，熔融温度）特性评估了薄膜的生物活性化合物（总酚含量，总黄酮含量）和抗氧化活性（ABTS，DPPH，FRAP清除）。结果表明，YM水果提取物可作为增塑剂，特别是成熟水果中的增塑剂。结构，机械和热学性质表明，可以用浸渍有YM提取物的玉米淀粉生产可生物降解，生物活性，坚固，柔性和耐热的薄膜。理化性质表明，YM水果-玉米淀粉膜可用于保持产品的新鲜度并防止光触发的氧化变质。此外，YM水果提取物可有效增强玉米淀粉薄膜的抗氧化性能，证明该副产品具有开发环保包装材料的潜力。热性能表明，可以用浸渍有YM提取物的玉米淀粉制成可生物降解，具有生物活性，牢固，柔韧性和耐热性的薄膜。理化性质表明，YM水果-玉米淀粉膜可用于保持产品的新鲜度并防止光触发的氧化变质。此外，YM水果提取物可有效增强玉米淀粉薄膜的抗氧化性能，证明该副产品具有开发环保包装材料的潜力。热性能表明，可通过浸渍YM提取物的玉米淀粉制备可生物降解，生物活性，坚固，柔性和耐热的薄膜。理化性质表明，YM水果-玉米淀粉膜可用于保持产品的新鲜度并防止光触发的氧化变质。此外，YM水果提取物可有效增强玉米淀粉薄膜的抗氧化性能，证明该副产品具有开发环保包装材料的潜力。理化性质表明，YM水果-玉米淀粉膜可用于保持产品的新鲜度并防止光触发的氧化变质。此外，YM水果提取物可有效增强玉米淀粉薄膜的抗氧化性能，证明该副产品具有开发环保包装材料的潜力。理化性质表明，YM水果-玉米淀粉膜可用于保持产品的新鲜度并防止光触发的氧化变质。此外，YM水果提取物可有效增强玉米淀粉薄膜的抗氧化性能，证明该副产品具有开发环保包装材料的潜力。

图形摘要